【摘要】 随着北极航道开发与极地资源勘探的推进，各种极地船舶在北极地区的活动日益频繁。船用低温钢面临表面覆冰、海洋腐蚀和冰层冲击摩擦等多重挑战，其表面性能强化需求也变得愈发迫切。激光加工技术凭借高精度、低热影响及工艺灵活等优势，为船用低温钢表面性能协同强化提供了创新途径。系统梳理了国内外近年来激光刻蚀、激光熔覆和激光重熔技术对船用低温钢表面性能提升的机理与应用研究进展，指出当前该领域研究存在的不足，阐明未来应着力利用激光加工技术开发船用低温钢多尺度多功能复合表面，并结合极地服役场景构建标准化评价方法。为激光加工技术提升船用低温钢表面性能领域的进一步探索提供了理论参考与实践指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advancement of Arctic route development and polar resource exploration, polar vessels and offshore engineering equipment have witnessed increasingly frequent operations in Arctic regions. Marine lowtemperature steel faces multifaceted challenges in these applications, including surface ice accretion, marine corrosion, and ice-impact friction, driving an urgent need for enhanced surface performance. Laser processing technology, with its advantages of high precision, low thermal impact, and process flexibility, provides innovative approaches for synergistic surface performance enhancement of marine low-temperature steel. Comprehensively review recent domestic and international research progress on the mechanisms and applications of laser etching, laser cladding, and laser remelting technologies for surface performance enhancement of marine low-temperature steel. It identifies current research limitations in this field and proposes that future efforts should focus on developing multiscale multi-functional composite surfaces for marine low-temperature steel using laser processing techniques, while establishing standardized evaluation methods tailored to polar service scenarios. This study provides theoretical references and practical guidance for further exploration in the field of laser-processed surface enhancement for marine low-temperature steel.更多还原