【摘要】 为研究高铁轴承轧制成形、渗碳热处理、深冷处理组织性能遗传演化规律，建立了高铁轴承成形制造条件、组织状态、机械性能定量关系，确定了高铁轴承高性能成形制造最优工艺条件。采用电子背散射衍射（Electron BackScatter Diffraction, EBSD）、扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM）、X射线衍射（X-Ray Diffraction,XRD）等微观组织测试技术和拉伸、摩擦磨损、滚动接触疲劳性能测试技术，揭示了高铁轴承环件在成形制造过程中的组织状态和机械性能演化规律，提出了高性能高铁轴承环件成形制造工艺方法。研究表明，轧制成形可以细化晶粒，促使渗碳一次淬回火后碳化物细化和位错密度增加，减小二次淬回火后晶粒和碳化物尺寸，提升碳化物体积分数。深冷处理工艺促进残余奥氏体分解和碳化物析出，降低残余奥氏体含量，提升残余奥氏体稳定性，减小碳化物平均尺寸，提升碳化物体积分数。应用最优轧制成形和渗碳热处理工艺，使高铁轴承耐磨性能提升82.7%，接触疲劳性能提升322.1%。研究成果可为高铁轴承高性能成形制造提供科学依据和技术方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the evolution laws of microstructure and properties during the hot ring rolling, carburizing heat treatment, and deep cryogenic treatment of high-speed railway bearings, the quantitative relationships among the forming manufacturing conditions, microstructure states, and mechanical properties of high-speed railway bearings were established. The optimal process conditions for high-performance forming manufacturing of high-speed railway bearings were determined. The electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) microstructural testing technologies and tensile, friction and wear, rolling contact fatigue performance testing technologies were used to reveal the evolution laws of the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-speed railway bearing rings during the forming and manufacturing process, and a forming and manufacturing process method for high-performance high-speed railway bearing rings was proposed. The research shows that ring rolling can refine grains, promote the refinement of carbides and increase the dislocation density after carburizing once quenching and tempering, reduce the grain size and carbides, and improve the volume fraction of carbides after secondary quenching and tempering. The deep cryogenic treatment process promotes the decomposition of retained austenite and the precipitation of carbides, reduces the content of retained austenite, enhances the stability of retained austenite, decreases the average size of carbides, and increases the volume fraction of carbides. The wear resistance of high-speed railway bearings is improved by 82.7%, and the contact fatigue performance is improved by 322.1% by applying the optimal hot ring rolling and carburizing heat treatment processes. The research can provide a scientific basis and technical method for the high-performance forming manufacturing of high-speed railway bearings.更多还原