【摘要】 油气勘探检波器作为采集信号的关键设备，其与大地振动耦合性能影响着采集信号的质量，决定了勘探准确度。为提高检波器勘探能力，以检波器尾椎结构为研究对象，基于单自由度耦合振动理论，提出一种用于扫频信号下检波器尾椎与地表耦合的振动模型，提取并分析了扫频情况下检波器尾椎接收信号的加速度、速度、位移响应情况，建立了振动位移均值、振动加速度标准差的耦合度评价指标，掌握了检波器尾椎与大地的耦合度响应情况。通过检波器接收测试试验，检波器尾椎所接收的加速度信号与试验所接收的加速度信号最大误差小于15%，验证了模型及方法的正确性。最后基于响应面法对不同形状下检波器尾椎的长度、半径关键参数进行优化研究，结果表明，三棱锥形状下尾椎耦合度最好，优化后的大地-检波器尾椎位移耦合均值降低了7.94%，加速度标准差降低了6.42%，有效提高了检波器尾椎接收信号的能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the key equipment for collecting signals, the coupling performance of oil and gas exploration geophone and earth vibration affects the quality of collected signals and determines the exploration accuracy. In order to improve the exploration ability of the geophone, the structure of the tail vertebra of the geophone was taken as the research object. Based on the single-degree-of-freedom coupling vibration theory, a vibration model for the coupling of the tail vertebra of the geophone and the earth surface under the sweep frequency signal was proposed. The acceleration, velocity and displacement response of the received signal of the tail vertebra of the geophone under the sweep frequency were extracted and analyzed.The coupling degree evaluation index of the mean value of vibration displacement and the standard deviation of vibration acceleration was established, and the coupling degree response of the tail vertebra of the geophone and the earth was mastered.Through the geophone receiving test, the maximum error between the acceleration signal received by the geophone tail vertebra and the acceleration signal received by the test was less than 15%, which verified the correctness of the model and method. Finally, based on the response surface method, the key parameters of the length and radius of the tail vertebra under different shapes were optimized. The results show that the coupling degree of the tail vertebra under the triangular pyramid shape is the best. The coupling mean value of the displacement of the optimized ground-geophone tail vertebra is reduced by 7.94%, and the standard deviation of the acceleration is reduced by 6.42%, which effectively improve the ability of the geophone tail vertebra to receive signals.更多还原