【摘要】 农业种质资源是保障国家粮食安全与重要农产品供给的战略性资源，建设并运行好种质资源库是保护种质资源的核心关键。为解决农业种质资源保存问题，落实“藏粮于技”战略，2022年初江西省建成并启用了国内首个实现自动化存取的现代化种质库。三年来累计繁殖更新、编目入库农作物种质3.8万份，精准鉴定9000余份；初步探索出了一套省级农作物种质资源库安全高效运行的技术方法。通过介绍江西省农作物种质资源库的建设情况、运行管理机制，创新将农作物种质分为普通种质、创制的特异新种质两类，并据此建立种质资源库共享利用新机制，激励单位和个人将引进收集、创制的新种质提交入库，提高特色优异种质的鉴定筛选和共享利用效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural germplasm resources are strategic resources for ensuring national food security and the supply of important agricultural products, and building and running the provincial crop genebank well is the core and key to protecting these resources. In order to solve the problem of preserving agricultural germplasm resources and implement the strategy of “storing grain in technology”, in early 2022, Jiangxi Province completed and put into operation the first modern crop genebank that realizes automated storage and retrieval in China. Over the past three years, 38000 crop germplasm samples have been reproduced, updated, and cataloged and stored, while more than 9000 samples have been precisely identified. A set of technical methods for the safe and efficient operation of the provincial crop genebank has been preliminarily explored. This article introduces the construction and operation management mechanism of Jiangxi provincial crop genebank, proposes dividing crop germplasm into two categories: ordinary germplasm and newly created special germplasm, and established a new sharing mechanism accordingly to encourage individuals and organizations to submit collected and created germplasm for storage in the genebank, thereby improving the efficiency of identification, screening, sharing and utilization of excellent and special germplasm.更多还原