【摘要】 【目的】针对传统甲醛系胶黏剂环境污染严重、资源不可持续等问题，以农业废弃物油茶饼粕为原料，探索其直接作为环保胶黏剂的可行性。【方法】利用糖类（如蔗糖、葡萄糖等）、氢氧化钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、生物质酸改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂，并制备胶合板测试其性能，对最优改性方案制备的油茶饼粕胶黏剂进行傅里叶红外光谱分析。【结果】（1）蔗糖和尿素改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂制备的胶合板仅具有一定的干强度，没有湿强度，不满足胶合板的强度要求；（2）NaOH改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂可在120℃条件下制备胶合板，干强度可达到0.87 MPa，但没有湿强度；（3）十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）会显著降低胶合板的胶合强度，且不会改善胶合板的耐水性；（4）糖类-生物质酸复合改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂的胶合强度与热压温度有关，在热压温度低于170℃时制备的胶合板只有干强度，没有湿强度，当热压温度高于170℃时，胶合板的胶合强度满足GB/T 17657―2022中的Ⅲ类标准，且胶合强度随热压温度升高而增加，当热压温度达到190℃时，胶合板的胶合强度满足GB/T 17657―2022中的Ⅱ类标准，热水（63℃）浸泡3 h强度达到1.49 MPa，该方案满足油茶饼粕直接作为木材胶黏剂的预期目标；（5）傅里叶红外光谱分析表明，油茶饼粕蛋白的羧基与糖类和生物质酸发生了化学反应，在反应过程中分子间氢键和疏水作用增强，让胶黏剂具有良好的湿状胶合强度。【结论】油茶饼粕可直接作为胶黏剂使用，其胶合性能受改性方法（如糖类、生物质酸、NaOH、SDBS等）和热压温度显著影响。糖类-生物质酸复合改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂在高温（≥170℃）热压条件下具备符合国家标准的胶合强度，其中在190℃热压时其性能可达较高标准，该标准比树脂改性油茶饼粕胶黏剂提升了106.94%，对提升油茶加工剩余物高值化利用具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】Due to the severe environmental pollution and unsustainable resource utilization associated with traditional formaldehyde-based adhesives, this study aims to explore the direct use of agricultural waste(Camellia oleifera seed cake), as an eco-friendly adhesive.【Method】C. oleifera seed cake was modified using carbohydrates(e.g., sucrose, glucose), sodium hydroxide(NaOH), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS), and biomass acid. Plywood was fabricated to evaluate adhesive performance, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was conducted on the optimal modified adhesive.【Result】(1) Sucrose-urea modified adhesives exhibited only dry strength without wet strength, failing to meet plywood requirements.(2) NaOH-modified adhesive achieved a dry strength of 0.87 MPa at 120 ℃ but lacked wet strength.(3) SDBS significantly reduced bonding strength and did not improve water resistance.(4) Carbohydrate-biomass acid composite modified adhesive showed temperature dependent performance: Below 170 ℃, only dry strength(no wet strength); Above 170 ℃, Bonding strength met GB/T 17657―2022 Class Ⅲ standards and increased with temperature; At 190 ℃, strength reached 1.49 MPa after 3 h of 63 ℃ water immersion, complying with Class Ⅱ standards. This modification method meets the expected goal of directly using C. oleifera seed cake as a wood adhesive.(5) FTIR analysis revealed that carboxyl groups in C. oleifera seed cake proteins reacted with carbohydrates and biomass acid, enhancing intermolecular hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for improved wet adhesion.【Conclusion】C. oleifera seed cake can directly serve as a wood adhesive, with performance heavily influenced by modification methods(carbohydrates, biochemical acids, NaOH, SDBS) and hot-pressing temperature. The carbohydrate-biomass acid composite under high-temperature(>170 ℃) conditions achieved national-standard compliance, with 190 ℃ treatment outperforming resin-modified adhesives by 106.94%. This advancement holds significant importance for promoting the high-value utilization of processing residues in the camellia industry.更多还原