【摘要】 分体式结构件因设计-装配阶段的非连续性，易在螺栓孔周出现应力分布不均与局部应力集中现象，导致装配结构刚度降低、可靠性下降。因此，需要建立精准的孔周应力计算模型指导装配件的孔位设计。基于接触理论与叠加耦合原理，将孔周应力场分解为预紧力引起的均布接触应力、二维平面远场应力，以及有限尺寸-三维厚度方向修正项，引入裕度参数因子量化边缘效应，构建双轴载荷作用下的孔周应力分布理论计算模型；进一步分析裕度参数、预紧力及拉伸载荷对孔周应力的影响规律。结果显示：所建理论模型可有效计算双轴载荷下分体式结构件的孔周应力水平，理论模型计算结果与有限元仿真结果误差不超过10%；裕度参数因子的增大会显著增大孔周的最大应力，并增大分布范围；预紧力增大可通过产生压应力抵消部分拉应力，使最大拉应力增速减缓，而拉伸载荷增大则导致最大拉应力呈加速增长趋势。裕度参数因子为孔位优化提供量化依据，有助于提升装配体结构的可靠性与承载能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to the discontinuities between the design and assembly stages, split structural components are prone to uneven stress distribution and local stress concentration around bolt holes, which can reduce the stiffness and reliability of the assembled structure. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an accurate stress calculation model around holes to guide hole placement design in assemblies. In this study, based on contact theory and the principle of superposition coupling, the stress field around the hole is decomposed into the uniform contact stress induced by bolt preload and the two-dimensional far-field stress, with finite-size correction and three-dimensional thickness-direction modification applied, thereby constructing a theoretical model for calculating the stress distribution around holes under biaxial loading. A margin parameter factor is introduced to quantify the edge effect, and the influences of the margin parameter, bolt preload, and tensile load on the hole-edge stress are analyzed. The results show that the proposed theoretical model can accurately predict the hole-edge stress in split structural components under biaxial loading, with the calculation error within 10% compared to finite element simulation. An increase in the margin parameter factor significantly raises both the peak stress around the hole and its distribution range; a higher preload generates compressive stress that offsets part of the tensile stress, slowing the growth rate of the maximum tensile stress, whereas an increased tensile load leads to an accelerated growth trend in the maximum tensile stress. The margin parameter factor provides a quantitative basis for optimizing hole placement and contributes to improving the reliability and load-bearing capacity of assembled structures.更多还原