【摘要】 12至13世纪的近百年间，犹太人曾垄断了英格兰的借贷市场。英王为了收取其中的利润，设立了犹太财政署，专门管理犹太人借贷活动，为国王政府带来了巨额收入。国王通过控制犹太人成为国内最大的债权人，也间接引发了国内严重的土地危机。爱德华一世多次出台法令管控犹太人的借贷活动，缓和因债务引发的社会矛盾，但未能从根本上解决问题。最终爱德华一世下令驱逐境内所有的犹太人，犹太财政署也随之消失。犹太财政署的兴衰，一定程度上反映了王室财政收入体系的变迁和议会的形成历程。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the nearly hundred-year period from the 12th to the 13th century, Jewish lenders held a virtual monopoly over England’s credit markets. To channel the profits from this trade into the crown’s coffers, the monarchy established a specialized institution known as the Jewish Exchequer. For nearly a hundred years, this body managed Jewish moneylending, generating immense revenue for the Crown and positioning the king as the realm’s primary creditor. However, this also indirectly triggered a severe land crisis. Although King Edward I issued several statutes to regulate Jewish lending and alleviate the social tensions caused by debt, his measures failed to resolve the underlying issues. Ultimately, in 1290, Edward I ordered the expulsion of all Jews from England, leading to the dissolution of the Jewish Exchequer. The rise and fall of this institution, to a certain extent, mirrors the broader transformation of the royal fiscal system and the formative process of Parliament in the thirteenth century.更多还原