【摘要】 日本人没有食鸡蛋的传统，明治以来，经政府和有识之士的大力提倡，日本民众对鸡蛋的需求量与日俱增。但是，农民副业养鸡无法满足市场需求，于是中国鸡蛋大量进入日本。日本政府开始以提高关税阻止资金外流，后认识到发展养鸡业才能治本。为此，日本政府不断制定鼓励政策，帮助民间改良种鸡、提高产蛋技术，以法治和行政手段严防鸡病流行；在不触动生产资料所有制，不改变个体生产方式的前提下，引导农民加入养鸡产业组合，使生产与市场直接连接，实现了养鸡业的集约化经营，既满足了市场需求又增加了农民收入。日本政府在养鸡业发展中的角色及发挥的作用，是观察近代日本经济腾飞的一个绝佳视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 Japanese did not have the tradition of eating eggs. Since the Meiji era, with the strong promotion of the government and men of insight, the demand for eggs in Japan was steadily on the increase. However, farmers’ sideline of raising chickens could not meet the market demand, so a large quantities of Chinese eggs imported by Japan. The Japanese government started to stop the outflow of capital by raising tariffs, then realized that the development of the domestic poultry industry would cure the problem. Consequently, the government of Japan continued to formulate policies to encourage and help private individuals to improve chicken breed and egg-laying techniques, and to prevent the spread of chicken diseases by means of the rule of law and administrative measures; without changing the ownership of productive means or individual production methods, it guided farmers to join poultry industry cooperatives, directly connecting production with the market, and achieving intensive management of the poultry industry, not only met market demand but also increased farmers’ income. The role and contribution of the Japanese government in the development of the poultry industry is an excellent perspective for observing the economic takeoff of modern Japan.更多还原