【摘要】 为探究施肥与秸秆还田对冬油菜根际土壤养分、产量及微生物群落特征的影响，本研究设置4个处理，分别为不施用秸秆和氮肥(CK)、施用秸秆处理(T1)、施用氮肥处理(T2)、同时施用秸秆和氮肥处理(T3)。利用Illumina高通量测序技术对细菌16S rRNA基因和真菌ITS区域进行测序，系统分析冬油菜根际土壤细菌与真菌群落的α多样性、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，并同步测定土壤理化性质与冬油菜产量。研究结果表明，T3处理油菜产量和土壤真菌群落丰度显著高于CK、T1处理、T2处理(P<0.05)。T3处理土壤富集了暗球腔菌属(Phaeosphaeria)和枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)真菌群落，这2个菌属的真菌大多为病原微生物，可能会造成油菜病害发生。环境因子与微生物群落的网络分析结果表明，土壤碱解氮含量、全氮含量、有机碳含量和有效磷含量这4个环境因子与细菌和真菌群落相对丰度具有较高的关联度。土壤碱解氮含量与节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)细菌群落相对丰度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),这些菌属细菌可能参与了作物氮素转化过程。本研究结果为秸秆资源合理利用、改善土壤质量和提高作物产量提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of fertilization and straw returning on rhizosphere soil nutrients, yield, and microbial community characteristics of winter rapeseed, this study set up four treatments, namely: no straw application and no nitrogen fertilizer application(CK), straw application treatment(T1), nitrogen fertilizer application treatment(T2), and combined application of straw and nitrogen fertilizer treatment(T3). Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS region were sequenced. A systematic analysis was conducted on the α-diversity and community structure of bacterial and fungal communities in winter rapeseed rhizosphere soil, as well as their relationships with environmental factors. Meanwhile, soil physicochemical properties and winter rapeseed yield were determined synchronously. The results showed that the rapeseed yield and soil fungal community abundance in the T3 treatment were significantly higher than those in the CK, T1, and T2 treatments(P<0.05). The T3 treatment led to the enrichment of fungal communities such as Phaeosphaeria and Cladosporium in the soil. Most fungi of these two genera are pathogenic microorganisms, which may cause rapeseed diseases. Network analysis of environmental factors and microbial communities revealed that four environmental factors(soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content, total nitrogen content, organic carbon content, and available phosphorus content) exhibited stronger associations with the relative abundance of both bacterial and fungal communities. The soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundances of bacteria of the genera Arthrobacter and Flavobacterium(P<0.05). Bacteria of these genera may be involved in the crop nitrogen transformation process. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for the rational utilization of straw resources, improvement of soil quality, and increase of crop yield.更多还原