【摘要】 卫星绝对辐射定标是遥感数据量化应用的关键，大量天文测量和模型分析结果表明月球和恒星拥有极好的辐射稳定性。基于月球和恒星的卫星在轨绝对辐射定标，无大气干扰，节省人力物力，适合长期高频次定标，满足卫星多谱段定标需求，同时有助于实验室定标系数真实性检验和卫星长期在轨衰减监测，是卫星定标领域国际热点和未来趋势。从月球和恒星定标的基本原理、发展过程、主要进展等方面，对基于月球和恒星的卫星绝对辐射定标与衰减监测进行综合分析和总结。结合研究现状，给出了月球和恒星定标发展的展望，未来相关研究可围绕我国高精度月球辐射模型建设、恒星标准星数据库建设、恒星在轨绝对辐射定标的验证与应用展开，为进一步推动卫星高精度绝对辐射定标和提升遥感定量化应用水平提供支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Satellite absolute radiometric calibration is a critical component for quantifying remote sensing data. Extensive astronomical measurements and model analyses have indicated the excellent radiometric stability of the Moon and stars. On-orbit absolute radiometric calibration of satellites using the Moon and stars as references offers advantages such as being free from atmospheric interference, saving manpower and resources, facilitating long-term and high-frequency calibration, meeting the multi-band calibration requirements of satellites, and assisting in the verification of the authenticity of laboratory calibration coefficients and long-term on-orbit degradation monitoring of satellites. It has become an international hotspot and future trend in the field of satellite calibration. This paper comprehensively analyzes and summarizes the fundamental principles, development history, and recent advancements of satellite absolute radiometric calibration and degradation monitoring using the Moon and stars. Considering the current state of research, the paper discusses several areas for future development, including establishing high-accuracy lunar radiometric models, building stellar standard source databases, validating and applying on-orbit stellar absolute calibration techniques. These efforts will further advance satellite absolute radiometric calibration and enhance the quantitative applications of remote sensing.更多还原