【摘要】 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、冲击试验机和电化学工作站等研究了成分及热处理工艺对高铬铸铁组织与性能的综合影响，在此基础上，进行了工艺优化，从而提高其综合性能。结果表明：Cr含量基本相同的条件下，高铬铸铁中碳化物的类型没有变化，C含量是影响碳化物数量的主要因素；Cr含量为18%左右时，组织类型和形貌呈现一些共同的特点，组织主要为初生树枝晶（奥氏体和马氏体）+共晶组织（枝晶固溶体和共晶碳化物）+二次碳化物，碎块状、菊花状和剑兰状共晶碳化物的类型都为（Cr, Fe）₇C₃,二次碳化物的类型为（Cr, Fe）₂₃C₆,基体中固溶了较高含量的C、Cr元素；在中性介质中，高铬铸铁的硬度与耐磨损性能呈现正相关的关系，与冲击韧性、耐电化学腐蚀性能呈现负相关的关系，硬度越大，耐磨损性能越高，冲击韧性、耐电化学腐蚀性能越低；相较于油冷淬火，当高铬铸铁采用1040℃高温奥氏体化+鼓风机风冷+280℃低温回火后，硬度提高了2.9 HRC,但冲击韧性降低了0.6 J/cm²;相对耐磨性增大到1.43,腐蚀电流密度增大，耐冲蚀磨损性能提高，耐电化学腐蚀性能降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The comprehensive influence of composition and heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of high chromium cast iron was studied using X-ray diffraction（XRD）, optical microscope（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, impact testing machine, and electrochemical workstation. Based on this, process optimization was carried out to improve its comprehensive properties. The results show that under the same Cr content, the type of carbides in the high chromium cast iron does not change, and the C content is the main factor affecting the amount of carbides. When the Cr content is about 18%, the microstructure type and morphology exhibit some common characteristics, the microstructure is mainly composed of primary dendrites（austenite and martensite）+ eutectic microstructure（dendritic solid solution and eutectic carbides）+ secondary carbides, the types of eutectic carbides in the form of fragments, chrysanthemums, and sword orchids are all（Cr, Fe）₇C₃, the type of secondary carbides is（Cr, Fe）₂₃C₆, and high content of C and Cr elements are dissolved in the matrix. In neutral media, the hardness of the high chromium cast iron is positively correlated with its wear resistance, and negatively correlated with its impact toughness and electrochemical corrosion resistance. The higher the hardness, the higher the wear resistance, while the impact toughness and electrochemical corrosion resistance are lower. Compared to oil cooled quenching, when the high chromium cast iron is austenitized at 1040 ℃, wind-cooled by a blower, and tempered at 280 ℃, its hardness increases by 2.9 HRC, but its impact toughness decreases by 0.6 J/cm², the relative wear resistance increases to 1.43, the corrosion current density increases, the erosion resistance is improved, and the electrochemical corrosion resistance decreases.更多还原