【摘要】 作为高质量发展的重要抓手，企业发展新质生产力能否带来理想的财务回报，已成为当前极具洞察力的课题。基于2013—2022年沪深A股上市公司数据，采用主成分分析法和熵值法分别构建了企业财务绩效和新质生产力评价指标体系，实证检验新质生产力与企业财务绩效的内在关系及其调节机制。研究发现:新质生产力能够显著赋能企业财务绩效提升，并且该效应具有一定持续性。同时，基于企业战略营运视角的调节效应表明，融资约束程度越大、内部控制质量越高、市场竞争程度越激烈，新质生产力对企业财务绩效的增强作用越大。此外，深入剖析新质生产力的三个维度，发现劳动者与劳动资料对企业财务绩效产生即时积极效应，而劳动对象的正面效应则在长期中逐渐显现。因此，企业应抓住新质生产力的发展机遇，并践行战略营运的发展导向，以高效赋能财务绩效提升，推动高质量发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a key driver of high-quality development, whether the development of New Quality Productive Forces(NQPF) can lead to desirable financial returns has become an insightful research topic. Using data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022, this study constructs evaluation index systems for corporate financial performance and NQPF using principal component analysis and entropy method respectively. It empirically examines the intrinsic relationship between NQPF and corporate financial performance, along with its moderating mechanism. The findings reveal that NQPF significantly enhances corporate financial performance, and this effect exhibits a certain degree of persistence. Meanwhile, the moderating effect from the perspective of corporate strategic operations indicates that the greater the degree of financing constraints, the higher the quality of internal controls, and the more intense the market competition, the stronger the enhancing effect of NQPF on corporate financial performance. Additionally, a deeper analysis on the three dimensions of NQPF shows that both laborers and means of labor exert immediate positive effects on financial performance, whereas the positive effect of objects of labor gradually emerges over the long term. Therefore, enterprises should seize the opportunity to develop NQPF and adopt a strategic operational orientation to effectively enhance financial performance and promote high-quality development.更多还原