【摘要】 基于光镊的光学分选是一种利用光力或其他光学技术对颗粒、细胞等样品进行分离和筛选的技术，具有高精度、高分辨率及非侵入性的特点，广泛应用于生物医学、纳米科学及材料科学等多个领域。光镊分选借助颗粒或细胞之间在形状、尺寸和折射率等方面的差异，导致它们所受光力不同，从而实现分选。结合其他光学技术与生物、流体等技术，光镊分选可实现更强大的功能和应用。从光学分选技术的力学原理、相关光学技术及其应用角度出发，对光镊分选技术的发展进行了详细的回顾，并对其在各个领域的研究价值和应用前景进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Particle sorting plays a crucial role in various fields, including biomedicine and physical chemistry. Traditional sorting techniques, such as those based on acoustics or magnetism, are limited by factors such as low resolution, restricted throughput, and poor selectivity. Optical sorting, which utilizes optical forces or other related optical techniques, has emerged as a powerful alternative. Specifically, optical-force-based sorting exploits differences in the optical forces acting on particles or cells within a light field, which are driven by physical properties such as their shape, size, chirality, or polarizability. Compared to conventional techniques, optical sorting offers significant advantages, including high resolution, non-invasiveness, and broad applicability.The optical tweezers technique, which uses optical forces to manipulate micro-and nano-objects, was pioneered by Arthur Ashkin in the 1970s and 1980s. Since then, optical tweezers have become invaluable tools for capturing and manipulating microscopic particles, opening new avenues of research in biomedicine, physics, and chemistry. In 1997, Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, and William D. Phillips were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on atomic cooling using optical forces. In 2018, Ashkin was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics for his groundbreaking contributions to the development of optical tweezers and their applications in biomedicine.Conventional optical sorting schemes rely on differences in the magnitude and direction of optical radiation and gradient forces acting on particles with various shapes, sizes, chiralities, or polarizabilities. However, these techniques are limited by directional constraints and degrees of freedom, which can compromise the sorting accuracy. In the past decade, two novel optical force mechanisms have been discovered: the optical pulling force(OPF) and optical lateral force(OLF). These forces offer additional degrees of freedom for sorting and have demonstrated significant potential for high-precision and chiral particle sorting. Each of the optical forces(radiation, gradient, pulling, and lateral) displays unique mechanical properties, enabling the manipulation and sorting of nanoscale particles.In addition to optical-force-based sorting, several optically related techniques, such as fiber optic tweezers, fluorescent labeling, and artificial intelligence, provide innovative approaches for sorting particles and cells. Fiber optic tweezers have transformed optical sorting into a cost-effective technology because dual or single optical fibers can be used to efficiently sort small particles or cells. Fluorescent labeling enables precise identification and automated tracking by targeting unique structures within particles or cells. Artificial intelligence facilitates the high-resolution processing and automated analysis of particle images. Current research in optical sorting focuses on developing novel technologies to enhance the efficiency and precision when sorting particles with distinct physical properties.Optical sorting technology plays an important role in many fields, such as material science and biomedical fields. In the biomedical field, it is increasingly used in areas such as genomics, drug discovery and development, proteomics, single-cell analysis, and clinical therapeutics. Optical diagnostics, which is based on the principle of optical sorting, has become one of the most important tools in biomedicine. Its high sensitivity to the physical properties of particles enables the precise detection of small changes in cell morphology and biochemistry, offering promising prospects for clinical applications and therapies.Progress This paper reviews the progress in optical sorting research and discusses the topic in the following order: optical sorting based on optical forces, sorting using other optical technologies, and the applications of optical sorting technologies across various fields(Fig. 1). The review begins by introducing the theoretical foundations of optical sorting based on optical forces and providing an overview of the research progress in conventional optical forces for sorting applications(Figs. 2 and 3). Next, the mechanisms of novel optical forces such as OPFs and OLFs and their applications in sorting are discussed(Figs. 4 and 5). The review then explores other optical technologies used for sorting, including fiber optic tweezers, fluorescent labeling, and artificial intelligence. Finally, the paper highlights the value of optical sorting technologies in material science and biomedicine, and envisions the emergence of new optical sorting techniques and potential applications in the future.Conclusions and Prospects Optical sorting technology based on the principle of optical tweezers has significantly advanced the manipulation and sorting of particles and cells, driven by the continuous development of optical tweezers technology. The core principle of optical sorting relies on the differences in the magnitudes and directions of the light forces acting on particles or cells with distinct physical properties. Both conventional and novel optical forces play crucial roles in precisely sorting target particles and cells. Furthermore, the integration of additional optical technologies has broadened the application scope and improved the practical efficiency of optical sorting. For example, fiber optic tweezers provide a high-precision, flexible, and cost-effective sorting method(Fig. 6); fluorescent labeling technology enhances the imaging clarity, photostability, and spectral resolution of particles or cells; and image processing combined with artificial intelligence enables the efficient identification and sorting of particles and cells(Fig. 7).With the ongoing technological advancements and increasing demands across various fields, optical sorting technology is poised to evolve further, driven by emerging innovations. The integration of artificial intelligence algorithms with optical sorting is expected to address current challenges, such as improving the efficiency of high-throughput sample processing and enabling real-time data analysis, thereby facilitating a more efficient and accurate sorting process.Looking ahead, the development of super-resolution microscopy and emergence of new optical materials are anticipated to bring significant breakthroughs to optical sorting technology. Super-resolution microscopy is expected to enhance image resolution, while new optical materials may exhibit unique interactions with different sorting objects. By optimizing these technologies, the applications of optical sorting in biomedicine, materials science, and nanotechnology are likely to expand, paving the way for it to have a more extensive impact in the future(Fig. 8).更多还原