【摘要】 提供优质均衡的公共服务是建设现代化人民城市的关键。但宏观层面的传统供给均等化视角未能充分关注到微观层面居民区公共服务的不平衡不充分状况，难以准确衡量城市内部公共服务布局水平。基于此，本研究首先从供需匹配视角解构公共服务均衡性和可及性的衡量标准，并基于高德地图设施点位大数据与社区居民点位置信息，构建包含基础教育、医疗卫生、文化体育、公共交通、公共安全的城市公共服务空间匹配指标，实证检验了其对居民市场性收入均等的影响。结果显示，中国各线城市公共服务空间匹配程度不断提高，可达性、多样性、平衡性均呈现上升态势，并通过就业效应、健康效应以及社会网络效应显著缓解了居民市场性收入不均等。拓展性研究发现，公共服务空间匹配改善了居住隔离状况，提高了企业对低技能劳动力的岗位需求。本研究为现代化人民城市建设、数字技术赋能公共服务治理以及新时代财政保障体系完善提供了政策参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Against the strategic background of promoting common prosperity, ensuring more balanced, better-quality public services is crucial for building people-centered modern cities. However, sustained growth in fiscal inputs has not fully eliminated the difference between macro statistics and micro-level resident satisfaction. The root of this contradiction lies in the fact that the traditional macro-equalization perspective obscures the micro-level spatial mismatch and structural imbalance between supply and demand of public services. Crucially, existing literature primarily focuses on the secondary distribution effects of public services, yet few studies examine their impact on residents’ market income from the perspective of supplydemand spatial matching. Therefore, precisely measuring the micro-level configuration of public services and clarifying the causal mechanisms through which it narrows market income disparities constitute pressing practical and theoretical challenges.This paper constructs an analytical framework based on the supply-demand spatial matching perspective, thereby extending the theory of more balanced and accessible public services. Utilizing a massive database of 9.94 million Public Service Facilities points from AMap spanning 2016 to 2021 across 294 Chinese cities, we develop a comprehensive indicator system encompassing basic education, healthcare, culture, sports, transport, and public safety. This system measures the spatial structure of public service facilities based on accessibility, balance, and diversity. Building upon the Recentered Influence Function(RIF) method, this paper identifies the causal effect of public service spatial matching on market income inequality.The research results indicate that first, the public service matching level in Chinese cities shows an overall upward trend. Second, public service spatial matching significantly promotes the equalization of residents’ market income. The mechanism is that public service matching improves the external environment, facilitating employment for vulnerable groups, while endogenous capabilities, such as residents’ health levels and social networks, are also enhanced. Third, urban public service spatial matching improves residential segregation conditions and prompts enterprises to increase their demand for low-skilled labor.This paper contributes to the literature in three principal aspects. Firstly, measurement innovation is achieved by pioneering the use of multi-source heterogeneous big data to fully measure public service allocation from a supply-demand spatial matching perspective, overcoming the coarse granularity limits of traditional statistical data. Secondly, we expand the research perspective by providing the first micro-level empirical evidence that public services directly influence the primary distribution of market income through optimized spatial configuration. Thirdly, this study offers robust data support by systematically constructing a high-precision dataset detailing the spatial distribution of public service facilities across different scales of cities, providing a solid foundation for subsequent micro-perspective research on public service allocation efficiency.Based on these findings, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations. First, authorities should implement categorized and optimized allocation strategies: large cities should focus on decongesting core areas and remedying shortages in suburban zones, while small and medium-sized cities should prioritize enhancing facility utilization through co-construction and sharing. Second, efforts should be made to strengthen digital technology empowerment and leverage big data and AI to build precise supply-demand matching platforms, to facilitate a shift from “ active service seeking” to “ proactive service delivery”. Finally, it is imperative to solidify financial security and expand inclusive service provision by clarifying fiscal powers and spending responsibilities at sub-provincial levels, and focusing particularly on inclusive services covering children nursing and elderly care, thereby constructing a full-life-cycle, inclusive service system.更多还原