【摘要】 南极冰下基岩钻探工程技术是研究极地地质科学的重要方向之一。通过解决南极冰下基岩岩心获取工程的技术问题,可为深入探究南极冰下地质体的物质成分、岩石组成及性质等基础地质学问题提供样本。由于南极大陆被平均几千米厚的冰盖覆盖,因此,对冰下地质体的物质成分和岩石组成等了解十分困难,详细资料更加缺乏。为此,本文介绍了南极冰下基岩钻探概况,分别从南极冰下基岩钻探装备及相关工艺方法进行综述分析,从中探寻能够实现在南极内陆快速钻穿冰层,获取更长的冰下基岩岩心的南极冰下基岩钻探装备。结果表明:(1)空气/钻井液反循环技术、连续管技术和热水钻技术是冰层快速钻进的重要发展方向之一;(2)提钻取心技术、绳索取心技术和钻井液反循环连续取心技术将是未来南极冰下基岩取心钻探的重要方向之一。本文还基于电缆悬吊式电动机械钻及岩心回转钻机,提出了多工艺融合的冰下基岩快速钻探技术,并对未来南极冰下基岩多工艺钻探装备及配套工艺技术具体研究方向进行探讨,指出南极冰下多工艺钻探技术在未来冰下基岩钻探有着极大的发展潜力,是未来获取更长冰下基岩岩心的必经之途。更多还原

【Abstract】 Antarctic subglacial bedrock drilling engineering technology is one of the important directions in the study of polar geosciences. By solving the engineering problems of obtaining bedrock cores under the Antarctic ice, we can provide samples for the in-depth investigation of basic geological problems such as the material composition, rock composition and properties of the Antarctic subglacial geologic bodies. Since the Antarctic continent is covered by an ice cap averaging several kilometers thick, it is very difficult to understand the material composition and rock composition of subglacial geologic bodies, and detailed information is even more lacking. For this reason, this paper firstly introduces the overview of Antarctic under-ice bedrock drilling, and respectively reviews and analyzes from the Antarctic under-ice bedrock drilling equipment and related process methods, from which some Antarctic under-ice bedrock drilling equipments that can realize the rapid drilling through the ice sheet in the interior of the Antarctic and obtain longer under-ice bedrock cores are explored. The analysis results show that:(1) air/drilling fluid reverse circulation technology,continuous pipe technology, and hot water drilling technology are one of the important development directions for rapid drilling through ice;(2) lift drill coring technology, rope coring technology, and drilling fluid reverse circulation continuous coring technology will be one of the important directions for future Antarctic under-ice bedrock coring drilling. This paper also puts forward the rapid drilling technology of under-ice bedrock with multi-process fusion based on cable-suspended electro-mechanical drilling and core rotary drilling rigs, and discusses the specific research direction of the future Antarctic under-ice bedrock multi-process drilling equipments and supporting process technology, pointing out that the Antarctic under-ice multi-process drilling technology has a great development potential in the future of under-ice bedrock drilling, and it is the inevitable way to obtain longer under-ice bedrock cores in the future.更多还原