【摘要】 起重机货物起升过程的振动会降低起升过程的平稳性、影响设备的本质安全。要准确、有针对性地消除或减轻动载效应对设备本体的影响，需精确建模。针对现有起升动力学模型存在建模不精确和机构不全面的问题，提出一种面向门式起重机机-结构一体化的起升动力学模型构建方法。以75 t-65.5 m门式起重机为工程实例，根据其机-结构组成方式，结合起升拖动传递方案，建立门式起重机动力学模型，并推导出起升振动系统的运动微分方程。在确定起升过程三阶段特征的基础上，借助MATLAB/Simulink工具，建立机-结构一体化多自由度联合仿真模型。通过模型求解，得到不同质量货物离地起升过程中钢丝绳拉力及起升动载系数的变化情况。利用控制变量法，分析起升质量、驱动类型、起升速度、系统刚度4种因素对起升动载系数的影响程度，并提出抑制动载效应的有效控制方案。结果表明：系统刚度、起升速度、驱动类型、起升载荷4种因素对动载系数的影响程度依次减小；分别控制系统刚度、起升速度、驱动类型、起升质量单一因素，动载系数分别下降14.66%、13.33%、3.02%、1.48%;综合控制各影响因素，起升动载系数从1.425降低至1.091,下降23.44%,证明所提方法的科学性和可行性，从理论层面上为起重机械本质安全设计、疲劳寿命预测提供动载效应控制依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vibration in the crane cargo lifting operation reduces lifting smoothness, and impacts the equipment inherent safety.To accurately and specifically eliminate or mitigate the influence of dynamic load effects on the equipment body, precise modeling is required.Aiming at the problems of inaccurate modeling and incomplete mechanism of the existing lifting dynamic model, a method for constructing a lifting dynamic model for the integration of gantry crane mechanism-structure.Taking the 75 t-65.5 m gantry crane as an engineering example, according to its mechanism-structure composition, combined with the lifting and dragging transmission scheme, a dynamic model of the crane was created, and the motion differential equations of the lifting vibration system were derived.Based on the determination of the three-stage characteristics of the lifting process, a multi-degree-of-freedom co-simulation model for mechanism-structure integration was constructed by MATLAB/Simulink tools.By solving the model, the changes in wire rope tension and lifting dynamic load coefficient during the lifting process of goods of different masses off the ground were obtained.The model was solved to obtain the variation of the lifting dynamic load coefficient and the wire rope tension during the lifting process of goods of different masses off the ground.The control variable method was used to analyze the degree of influence of lifting mass, drive type, lifting speed, and system stiffness on the lifting dynamic load coefficient.The effective control scheme to suppress the dynamic load effect was given.The results show that the influence of system stiffness, lifting speed, driving type, and lifting mass on the dynamic load coefficient decreases in order.The single factor of system stiffness, lifting speed, drive type and lifting mass is controlled respectively, and the dynamic load coefficient decreases by 14.66%,13.33%,3.02% and 1.48% respectively.By comprehensively controlling various influencing factors, the lifting dynamic load coefficient reduces from 1.425 to 1.091,a decrease of 23.44%,which proves the scientific and feasible nature of the proposed method.This method provides a theoretical basis for the control of dynamic load effects in the intrinsically safe design and fatigue life prediction of lifting machinery.更多还原