【摘要】 以船体基座轻量化为目标，分别从结构设计和材料设计的角度对基座进行轻量化设计。从结构设计出发，采用依赖于经验的分块化设计方法和结合有限元-优化算法的拓扑优化与参数优化设计方法减小结构的体积；从材料设计出发，通过应用碳纤维T700新型复合材料代替原有的钢制结构来减轻结构的密度。研究表明，由于不同方法的减重原理不同，优化后的减重效果和力学性能均存在差异，拓扑设计减重效果最好，减重率达62.8%，参数设计的应力和位移优化效果最好，最大应力和位移的增大率仅为5.8%和22.1%。在实际应用中要根据不同情况选择合适的轻量化设计方法，研究结果可为船舶轻量化设计提供一定参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aiming at the lightweight of hull base, lightweight design of the base is carried out from the perspective of structural design and material design respectively. For the structural design, the experience dependent block design method,topology optimization method and parameter optimization method are used to reduce the weight of the structure combined with finite element optimization algorithm. For the material design, the density of the structure is reduced by replacing the steel structure to carbon fiber T700 composite materials. The research shows that due to the different optimization principles,the weight loss and mechanical properties of the optimized structure are different. The weight reduction effect of the topology design is best, with a weight reduction rate of 62.8%. The stress and displacement optimization effect of material design is the best, with a minimum increase rate of 5.8% and 22.1% respectively. In practical application, appropriate lightweight design methods should be selected according to different requirements. The research of this paper can provide some reference for ship lightweight design.更多还原