【摘要】 快速准确锁定饮用水源地微生物污染来源，对于源头控制和污染治理至关重要。以南水北调中线北京段为研究区域，利用高通量测序以及基于细菌群落分析的微生物溯源技术，系统比较了环境样本与不同潜在污染源样本(包括北京段上游、沉积物、鸟粪、牛粪、羊粪)的细菌群落，进而预测了北京段水体中微生物污染的可能来源。结果表明：沉积物样本具有最高的微生物多样性水平，所有样本中广泛存在变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)。溯源结果显示：主要微生物污染源为北京段上游水体(平均为80.12%)和北京段水体沉积物(平均为30.02%)。部分样本中检测出鸟粪及牛粪污染，但未检出羊粪污染。因此，在重点关注上游来水水质以及管道中沉积物淤积情况的同时，需加强对北京段水体沉积物中大肠杆菌群的监测。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is crucial to quickly and accurately identify the sources of microbial contamination in drinking water sources for source control and pollution management effectively.Taking the Beijing section of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer as the research area, this study systematically compared the bacterial communities of environmental samples with samples from different potential sources of microbial contamination(including upstream of the Beijing section, sediments, bird, cow and goat feces) through high-throughput sequencing and community-based microbial traceability technology, and then predicted the potential sources of microbial contamination in the water bodies of the Beijing section.The results showed that the sediment samples had the highest level of microbial diversity, with widespread presence of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in all samples.The source tracing results indicated that, the main potential sources of fecal contamination were identified as the upstream water bodies in the Beijing section(averaging 80.12%) and the sediment from the water bodies(averaging 30.02%).Bird feces and cattle feces contamination were detected in some samples.No samples showed contamination from sheep feces.Therefore, while focusing on the water quality of the upstream source and the accumulation of sediment in the pipelines, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of the fecal coliform population in the sediment of the water bodies in the Beijing section.更多还原