【摘要】 目的 旨在通过改进杂交穗的离体培养方法,优化小麦×玉米杂交诱导单倍体技术,提升单倍体胚的诱导效率和稳定性.方法 以小麦矮败群体不育株和杂种F₁为材料,将激素处理与培养液培养环节整合,设计8种离体培养方案,系统比较不同处理对单倍体胚诱导效果的影响.结果 在激素处理中添加2 g/L AGP与100 mg/L2,4-D混合喷穗,可显著提高得胚率；而培养液中直接添加10mg/LAGP则抑制胚形成.外源添加200μmol/L GSH（无论是培养液添加或叶面喷施）均有助于促进胚诱导.此外,在培养液中加入2 g/L KH₂PO₄和10 mg/L AgNO₃能改善营养转运,提升得胚率与中大胚比例.综合比较表明,1/2MS+10 m L/L亚硫酸+30 g/L蔗糖+2 g/L KH₂PO₄+10 mg/L AgNO₃为最优培养配方.结论 明确了AGP、GSH、KH₂PO₄和AgNO₃在小麦杂交穗离体培养中的适宜施用方式与效果,为建立高效、稳定的小麦单倍体诱导技术提供了可行的培养方案与理论依据.更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective This study aimed to optimize the wheat × maize hybridization technique for haploid induction by improving the in vitro culture method for hybrid spikes,thereby enhancing the efficiency and stability of haploid embryo induction.Methods Using male-sterile plants from a wheat dwarf male-sterile population and hybrid F₁ plants as materials,eight distinct in vitro culture protocols were designed by integrating hormone treatment and solution nourishment culture.The effects of these treatments on haploid embryo induction were systematically compared.Results Spraying spikes with a combination of 2 g/L AGP and 100 mg/L 2,4-D during the hormone treatment significantly increased the embryo formation rate.In contrast,directly adding 10 mg/L AGP to the culture solution inhibited embryo formation.Exogenous application of 200 μmol/L GSH,whether added to the culture solution or applied via foliar spraying,promoted embryo induction.Furthermore,supplementing the culture solution with 2 g/L KH₂ PO₄ and 10 mg/L AgNO₃ improved nutrient transport to the caryopses,which consequently increased both the embryo formation rate and the proportion of medium and large embryos.Comparative analysis identified the optimal culture solution formulation as: 1/2 MS + 10 mL/L sulfurous acid + 30 g/L sucrose + 2 g/L KH₂ PO₄+ 10 mg/L AgNO₃.Conclusion This study clarifies the appropriate application methods and effects of AGP,GSH,KH₂ PO₄,and AgNO₃ in the in vitro culture of wheat hybrid spikes.The findings provide a viable culture protocol and a theoretical basis for establishing an efficient and stable haploid induction technology in wheat.更多还原