【摘要】 目的 分析2019—2024年全球田径运动员年龄分布、演变及表现巅峰年龄，探讨性别和项目间的共性与差异。方法 基于IAAF公开数据，利用Python语言编写程序，对21个项目共59 831名运动员展开计量和可视化分析。结果 1）男女运动员年龄分别集中于19—30岁和17—30岁，女性在多项统计指标上低于男性。2）径赛类运动员表现巅峰年龄随距离增加而上升。田赛中技术越复杂的项目，运动员表现巅峰年龄越大。3）呈显著年轻化趋势的项目代表为女性跳高，其精英运动员平均年龄由25.22岁降至23.90岁。年长化特征则在马拉松项目中表现突出。结论 应重视不同性别和项目运动员的年龄特征和表现巅峰年龄差异，制定个性化培养策略，优化选拔机制，完善职业生涯规划。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the age distribution, evolution and peak performance age of global track and field athletes from 2019to 2024, exploring commonalities and differences across genders and events. Methods Based on the IAAF dataset, a Python program was developed to conduct quantitative and visual analysis on 59,831 athletes across 21 events. Results 1) Male and female athletes’ ages were concentrated between 19-30 years old and 17-30 years old respectively, with females scoring lower on multiple statistical indicators. 2) Peak performance age in track events increased with distance. In field events, more technically complex disciplines showed higher peak performance ages. 3) Women’s high jump exemplified a significant trend towards younger athletes, with the average age of elite athletes decreasing from 25.22 to 23.90 years old. The marathon event exhibited the most prominent aging trend. Conclusion Attention should be paid to the age characteristics of athletes of different genders and sports and the differences in the peak age of performance, so as to formulate personalized training strategies, optimize the selection mechanism and improve career planning.更多还原