【摘要】 为了研究胶红酵母JM-01（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,JM-01）对凡纳对虾（Penaeus vannamei）生长、生理健康指标和肠道菌群的影响，在饲料中添加1×10¹⁰cfu/kg胶红酵母JM-01菌粉，对照组投喂基础饲料，养殖周期为42 d。结果表明：实验组与对照组的对虾成活率均在90%以上，无显著差异（P> 0.05）;实验组对虾体重、特定生长率、饲料效率和表观消化率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;实验组对虾血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、溶菌酶（LSZ）和总一氧化氮合酶（TNOS）的活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;经副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）攻毒后，实验组对虾的死亡率（40.52%）显著低于对照组（73.06%）（P<0.05）;饲料中补充添加胶红酵母菌粉的实验组对虾肠道菌群的物种多样性增加，优势菌群的丰度也发生了明显变化，菌群结构也出现了显著差异。综上，饲料中添加胶红酵母JM-01可有效地促进凡纳对虾的生长，提高对虾血清中非特异性免疫酶的活性，并有效增强对虾对副溶血弧菌的抗病力，在凡纳对虾养殖中具有较好的潜在应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 A 42-day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of red marine yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JM-01 addition in feed on the growth performance, physiological health indices and intestinal bacteria of Penaeus vannamei. In the study, only one control（basic feed without R. mucilaginosa） and one treatment group contained R. mucilaginosa 1×10¹⁰ cfu/kg were set up. The experimental results showed that the survival rate of treatment group and control group were all above 90%, and the difference was not significant（P>0.05）. The body weight, specific growth rate, feed efficiency and apparent digestibility of P. vannamei in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Compared with the control, the treatment group significantly improved the activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD）, alkaline phosphatase（AKP）, acid phosphatase（ACP）, lysozyme（LSZ） and total nitric oxide synthase（TNOS）（P < 0.05）. The 14-day Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge experiment showed that the mortality rate of the control group（73.06%） was significantly higher than that of the treatment group（40.52%）. As compared to the control, the species diversity of intestinal flora increased, the abundance of dominant flora stricture changed, and the flora structure showed an obvious differentiation. In conclusion, R. mucilaginosa JM-01 has a good potential application in the culture of P. vannamei.更多还原