【摘要】 目的 探讨福州市大气PM_2.5浓度变化对儿科呼吸系统门诊量的影响，为制定健康干预和污染治理措施提供依据。方法 收集福州市2015—2022年空气污染物浓度、气象数据及211家医院的儿科呼吸系统门诊量数据，用基于准泊松回归的广义相加模型（GAM）进行统计分析。结果 福州市PM_2.5的日均浓度为23.08μg/m³,儿科呼吸系统疾病日均门诊量为1 820人次；单污染物模型分析结果，PM_2.5浓度每升高10μg/m³,当日儿科呼吸系统门诊量增加1.13%,在lag3时门诊量增加1.78%达到峰值，随后逐渐下降，在lag0-7内效应达到4.67%;多污染物模型分析结果，在依次引入CO、NO₂、O^{3-8 h}和SO₂后，在lag3时PM_2.5浓度每增加10μg/m³,对儿科呼吸系统日均门诊量的增加均有统计学意义。结论 福州市2015—2022年空气污染物的升高与儿科呼吸系统门诊量的增加存在关联。今后应加强空气污染监测，为儿科呼吸系统疾病防治提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the impact of changes in ambient fine particulate matter(PM_2.5) concentration on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Fuzhou City, and to provide evidence for health interventions and pollution control measures. Methods Data on air pollutant concentrations, meteorological conditions, and pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases from 211 hospitals in Fuzhou City from 2015 to 2022 were collected. A generalized additive model（GAM） based on a quasi-Poisson regression was used for statistical analysis. Results The daily mean concentration of PM_2.5 in Fuzhou was 23.08 μg/m³, and daily mean number of pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases was 1 820. In the single-pollutant model, each 10 μg/m³increase in PM_2.5 concentration was associated with a 1.13% increase in pediatric respiratory outpatient visits on the same day; the effect peaked at lag 3 days（lag 3） with an increase of 1.78%, and then gradually declined.The cumulative effect within lag 0-7 reached 4.67%.In the multi-pollutant model, after sequentially adjusting for CO, NO₂,O_{3-8 h} and SO₂,each 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5concentration at lag 3 remained statistically significantly associated with increases in daily pediatric respiratory outpatient visits. Conclusion An increase in ambient air pollutants in Fuzhou City from 2015 to 2022 was associated with an increase in pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Strengthened air pollution monitoring is recommended to support the prevention and control of pediatric respiratory diseases.更多还原