【摘要】 金属纳米簇（MNCs）是一类以其精确的组成和结构而著称的材料，展现出独特的分子特性和离散的电子能级。其中，铜纳米团簇（CuNCs）因其显著的颜色可调光发射、灵活的溶液合成方法而备受关注。CuNCs的合成中使用各种功能性配体，可调节其发射波长并增强其环境稳定性。这些纳米簇在催化、传感、生物成像和光电等多个领域中得到广泛应用。本文提供了一个最新的视角，涵盖过去十年（2015-2025）的文献，明确强调实际环境基质，包括重金属离子、有机污染物、药物及其他环境污染物。本文系统比较了传感机制（例如，荧光猝灭、开启响应、比率效应和内滤效应），并梳理了关键重金属、有机污染物和药物等典型进展，以促进直接基准测试。最后，本文强调现场应用的转化差距，如基质干扰、配体稳定的CuNCs的长期稳定性、样品预处理需求以及缺乏标准化协议，并提出针对性的研究方向，以弥合实验室进展与现实环境监测之间的差距。更多还原

【Abstract】 Copper nanoclusters(CuNCs) have gained prominence due to their remarkable color-tunable light emission and cost-effective, versatile solution-based synthesis. The use of various functional ligands in the synthesis of CuNCs enables the modulation of their emission wavelengths and enhances their environmental stability. These nanoclusters have found applications across diverse fields, including catalysis, sensing, bioimaging, and optoelectronics. This review offers a focused and up-to-date perspective by covering literature from the past decade(2015―2025) with an explicit emphasis on practical environmental matrices, including heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, and other environmental contaminants. It systematically compares sensing mechanisms(e. g., fluorescence quenching, turn-on responses, ratiometric and inner-filter effects) and provides tabulated limits of detection for key heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pharmaceuticals to facilitate direct benchmarking. Finally, the review highlights translational gaps for in-field deployment, such as matrix interferences, long-term stability of ligand-stabilized CuNCs, sample pre-treatment needs, and the absence of standardized validation protocols and proposes targeted research directions to bridge laboratory advances with real-world environmental monitoring.更多还原