【摘要】 锂硫电池因其极高的容量和能量密度而具备了极大的应用前景。然而，正极硫缓慢的反应动力学严重阻碍了其进一步应用。为了改善锂硫电池正极转化慢的问题，探索高效催化剂以加快硫的反应动力学研究迫在眉睫。过渡金属因独特的物化特性和优秀的催化性质而被视为锂硫电池的潜在催化剂。值得注意的是，过渡金属的种类、性质差异会引起其催化机理的不同。基于此，本文基于金属特性划分了5类过渡金属（黑色金属、常规有色金属、贵金属、稀有难熔金属、稀土金属），分析了过渡金属催化剂在电池中的催化机制，包括吸附作用、加速电子转移、降低反应活化能和协同催化等6种。综述了各类金属应用于锂硫电池研究进展，明确了不同类别的金属对应的催化机理，并对过渡金属催化剂面临的挑战提出了针对性的4种优化策略，即纳米结构化设计、掺杂改性、合金化和表面包覆策略，以期为锂硫电池催化剂的设计提供一定的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Li-S batteries have great application prospects because of their extremely high capacity and energy density. However, the instability and insulation of polysulfides(LiPSs) seriously hinder their further application. In order to solve the problem of slow reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries, it is urgent to explore efficient catalysts to accelerate the sulfur redox. In the case, transition metals with unique and excellent catalytic properties are considered as potential catalysts for Li-S battery. However, differences in the structure and properties of transition metals will lead to different catalytic mechanisms. Therefore, this work divides five types of transition metals(ferrous metals, conventional non-ferrous metals, precious metals, rare refractory metals, and rare earth metals) based on metal characteristics. Then, the catalytic mechanisms of transition metal catalysts were analyzed, including adsorption, accelerating electron transfer, reducing activation energy and co-catalysis. Besides, the research progress of various metals used in Li-S batteries was reviewed, and the catalytic mechanisms of different types of metals were clarified. Four optimization strategies were proposed: nanostructured design, doping-modification, alloying and external cladding, in order to provide certain references for the design of Li-S battery catalysts.更多还原