【摘要】 环境放射化学是放射化学与环境化学交叉融合而诞生的一门分支学科，是从关注环境放射性而逐渐发展起来的一门应用基础学科。人们对环境放射性的关注始于20世纪50年代，当时，世界上主要核大国因研制核武器的需要而开展了大量的核活动，包括大量的地下和大气核试验，这些核活动向环境中释放了数量可观的放射性物质。放射性物质进入环境后，与环境介质发生相互作用，最终通过呼吸系统以及食物链等途径进入人体，构成对人群健康的直接或潜在风险。本文简要介绍并讨论了环境放射化学及其在中国的发展、环境放射化学的主要研究内容及重要学术交流平台、当前环境放射化学的研究热点和中国环境放射化学的现状、中国的环境放射化学在核能健康可持续发展中的作用、国际环境放射化学研究的重要进展以及中国环境放射化学面临的问题和主要挑战。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental radiochemistry is a basic and applicative science, which was born with the combination of radiochemistry and environmental sciences, and she was coming to be a branch of sciences with the human’s concerns of the health effects of environmental radioactivity at around 1950t~h. At that time, the major nuclear weapon production countries conducted a large amount of weapon related experiments and tests, and a considerable amount of radioactive materials were released into the environment. When these radioactive materials(radionuclides) coming into the environment, they will react with the environmental medium, and finally, through the channels of breath or food chain, coming into the human bodies, resulting in direct or potential health risks. This paper briefly introduces and discusses the concept and the source of environmental radiochemistry, she’s development in China, the main research areas in environmental radiochemistry, the important communication platforms with which the research works in environmental radiochemistry are published, presented and discussed, the hot spots of environmental radiochemistry research work and it’s up-to-data state in China, the role of environmental radiochemistry in the healthy and sustainable development of nuclear energy in China, the main developments in environmental radiochemistry, and finally, the major challenges for China’s environmental radiochemistry.更多还原