【摘要】 空间激光通信终端光学天线望远系统是激光通信系统中激光束收发的关键组件，其温度适应性直接影响整个终端的通信性能。光机热集成分析技术综合考虑光学、结构和热效应对系统的影响，能快速有效地评估望远系统在不同温度环境下的系统性能。基于某型号激光通信终端项目，研究提出了对应的望远系统光机设计方案，并运用光机热集成分析技术对望远系统的温度适应范围进行仿真分析，进一步探讨系统波像差的变化规律和主要影响因素。通过对不同升降温工况光机热集成分析，得到在升温5℃条件下中心视场的波像差RMS(Root Mean Square)值为0.017λ@1550 nm；在降温5℃条件下该值为0.062 3λ@1550 nm。结果表明，所设计的望远系统可承受的温度变化范围为-5～7℃，具有较宽的温度适应能力。该研究结果可为激光通信终端在轨性能预测提供依据，指导望远系统光机优化设计及终端热控设计，并对在轨热控控制策略提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective Space laser communication offers notable advantages, including high data transmission capacity, fast transfer rates, strong anti-interference capabilities, and effective resistance to electromagnetic interference. As a critical technology for high-speed communication, it demonstrates extensive application potential and considerable research significance in both civilian and military domains. The optical antenna telescope system plays a critical role in laser communication terminals, as its temperature adaptability directly influences the overall performance of the communication system. Hence, performing a temperature adaptability analysis during the design phase is essential to ensure the system’s reliable and stable operation. Currently, optical instrument design and optimization based on the opto-mechanical-thermal integrated analysis technology has been widely implemented in numerous domestic and international research studies on optical instrumentation. This paper investigates the telescope system of a laser communication terminal employed in a specific model project.Through the application of opto-mechanical-thermal integrated analysis technology, a comprehensive evaluation of the temperature adaptability of the telescope system is carried out. The results serve as a reference for optomechanical optimization and thermal control design of the telescope system in laser communication terminals, providing both practical guidance and theoretical significance.Methods The opto-mechanical-thermal integrated analysis technology, owing to its unique advantages, allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the combined effects of optical, structural, and thermal factors on optical systems. Moreover, it enables an efficient and rapid assessment of system performance under varying thermal conditions. A telescope system for a laser communication terminal is designed in this paper. Firstly, an off-axis three-mirror afocal system is chosen as the initial configuration for the optical design(Fig.1). Secondly, the structural design of the telescope system is carried out(Fig.3). Finally, an opto-mechanical-thermal integrated analysis of the system is conducted using finite element analysis to determine the temperature adaptation range of the telescope system and its imaging performance variation under different thermal conditions. This study proposes a comprehensive opto-mechanical-thermal analysis framework applicable under two operational conditions: a temperature increase of 5 ℃ and a temperature decrease of 5 ℃. The methodology demonstrates consistent applicability and can be readily extended to other temperature variation scenarios.Results and discussions When the temperature increases by 5 ℃, the surface shape changes of each optical mirror in the telescope system are relatively minor, with the tertiary mirror exhibiting the largest deformation,having an RMS value of 0.010 4λ@1550 nm(Fig.6). In addition to surface shape variations, rigid body displacements of the lenses are also observed, with the maximum mirrors spacing change measuring approximately 0.01 mm(Tab.3). Through data fitting analysis, it is found that wavefront aberrations decrease across different fields of view. Under the 0° field of view, the wavefront aberration RMS value is 0.017λ, which is0.006 6λ lower than the designed value. Under the ±0.2° field of view, the RMS value is 0.054 4λ, representing a reduction of 0.014 4λ compared to the design(Fig.7). Similarly, when the temperature decreases by 5 ℃, the system’s wavefront aberration RMS value under the 0° field of view decreases to 0.062 3λ, which is 0.051 9λ below the designed value. Under the ±0.2° field of view, the RMS value is 0.038 8λ, which is 0.001 2λ higher than the designed value(Fig.10). Opto-mechanical-thermal integrated analyses were conducted under various heating and cooling conditions. The results indicate that the telescope system exhibits higher sensitivity during the temperature decrease process, with an allowable temperature variation range of-5? ℃ to 7? ℃, reflecting relatively robust thermal adaptability(Fig.11).Conclusion The results demonstrate that the telescope system proposed in this paper achieves excellent optomechanical integration performance and maintains system stability across a wide range of temperature conditions.Moreover, the findings indicate that system performance degrades more significantly during the cooling phase,suggesting a higher sensitivity to temperature decreases. The contributions of this study not only provide theoretical support for the optimization of optical and structural design but also offer valuable references for performance prediction and thermal control strategies in laser communication terminals during on-orbit operations. These insights are expected to facilitate the development of effective thermal management approaches and help mitigate performance degradation caused by temperature fluctuations.更多还原