【摘要】 激光具有亮度极高、方向性好的特殊优势，因此有可能被用于远距离无线传能、发挥特殊的作用。为了延长高空无人机的飞行时间，使用激光对高空无人机进行无线传能是一种理论上可行的方法。通过对激光无线传能技术的现状进行调研，发现目前激光无线传能的距离不够远、传输功率和传输效率均不高。为解决这些问题，首次提出了以掺Yb光纤激光器为光源、InGaAs光伏电池为光电转换模块，同时使用激光中继技术以实现激光远距离无线传能的技术路线。根据激光无线传能的工作流程，调研了激光产生、传输、接收和光电转换等流程的效率，在忽略天气状况、跟踪瞄准误差和激光强度不均匀等因素的前提下推算出使用激光对相距60 km的高空无人机进行无线传能的系统效率(电-激光-电的转换效率)可达11%～14%。目前，尚未发现有对激光远距离无线传能的系统效率进行定量计算的公开文献。同时，对提高激光远距离无线传能系统效率的技术途径进行了初步的探讨，为未来开展高功率激光远距离无线传能技术研究和设计激光无线传能系统提供了参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective With the increasing emphasis on near space in various countries, the importance of high-altitude drones with the ability to fly in near space is also increased. In order to obtain more accurate real-time information, it is necessary to significantly extend the flight time of high-altitude drones. Using laser wireless energy transmission technology to transmit energy to high-altitude drones is a feasible route to extend their flight time. Therefore, this paper conducted theoretical research on laser wireless energy transmission technology at long distance and analyzed the feasibility of using laser for wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones in theory.Methods The current problems such as insufficient transmission distance, low transmission power and low transmission efficiency on laser wireless energy transmission are found by investigating the current development status on laser wireless energy transmission technology at home and abroad. In order to enhance the transmission distance, transmission power and transmission efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission, the technical route for wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones is proposed by comparing the laser source and photovoltaic cells, which using Yb doped fiber laser as the laser source, InGaAs photovoltaic cell as the photoelectric conversion module and combining laser relay technology. Based on the workflow of laser wireless energy transmission, the efficiencies of multiple workflows such as laser generation, transmission, reception and photoelectric conversion are analyzed, and then the system efficiency of using this technical route for laser wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones is calculated. At the same time, the technical approaches to e nhance the system efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission are discussed preliminary.Results and Discussions According to the workflows of laser wireless energy transmission and based on the investigation of efficiencies in multiple workflows such as laser generation, transmission, reception and photoelectric conversion, the system efficiency of wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones at the distance of 60 km can reach 11% to 14% by using the technical route proposed in this paper, which demonstrates the feasibility of laser wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones at long distance theoretically. At present, the high power laser sources and InGaAs photovoltaic cells have basically met the requirements of wireless energy transmission at long distance, but the laser relay technology is still immature and requires indepth research. The technical approaches to enhance the system efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission at long distance are discussed preliminarily. Besides the laser relay technology(Fig.3), the rational layout of photovoltaiccell arrays(Fig.6) and the phase modulation to laser beam by using phased array technology(Fig.7)a lso can enhance the systemefficiency of laser wireless energy transmission.Conclusions The laser wireless energy transmission technology is a feasible solution to extend the flight time of the high-altitude drones. The investigation on the progresses of laser wireless energy transmission technology and the analysis on the current problems of laser wireless energy transmission technology are conducted in this paper.In order to solve the problems such as insufficient distance, low transmission power and low transmission efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission, a technical route is proposed to enhance the system efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission for the first time by using Yb doped fiber lasers as the laser source, InGaAs photovoltaic cells as the photoelectric conversion module and combining laser relay technology. The efficiencies of multiple workflows on wireless energy transmission are investigated and estimated, and then the system efficiency of ground laser wireless energy transmission to high-altitude drones at the distance of 60 km can reach11% to 14% by calculation, which proves the feasibility of transmitting energy to high-altitude drones by laser theoretically. At present, the quantitative analysis and calculation about the system efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission at long distance aren’t found in public literatures. At the same time, the technical approaches to enhance the system efficiency of laser wireless energy transmission at long distance are discussed preliminarily, such as reasonable layout of photovoltaic cell groups and using phased array technology to improve the uniformity of laser intensity distribution, which provides reference to the research on high power laser wireless energy transmission at long distance in future.更多还原