【摘要】 核电温排水带来的热污染是核能可持续发展中备受关注的环境问题。航空红外遥感技术凭借其灵敏度高、分辨率高、可定量反演等独特优势，成为重要的核电温排水监测途径。在对温排水航空红外观测的关键性能指标进行分析的基础上，本文系统回顾了国内外温排水航空红外监测的发展历程和典型应用，并阐述了辐射定标、几何校正与温度反演等核心环节。构建“空天地一体化”协同监测网络、深度融合人工智能技术，是推动我国核电温排水监测向业务化、智能化发展的必然趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thermal pollution from nuclear power plant thermal discharge is a significant environmental concern in the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Airborne infrared remote sensing technology, with its unique advantages such as high sensitivity, high resolution, and quantitative inversion capabilities, has become an important monitoring method in this field. Based on the analysis of key performance indicators of airborne infrared observation of thermal discharge, this paper systematically reviews the development history and typical applications of airborne infrared monitoring of thermal discharge both domestically and internationally, and elaborates on core aspects such as radiometric calibration, geometric correction, and temperature inversion. Building an integrated space-air-ground collaborative monitoring network and deeply integrating artificial intelligence technology are inevitable trends in promoting the operationalization and intelligentization of nuclear power plant thermal discharge monitoring in China.更多还原