【摘要】 农村留守困境以及某些脱贫地区道德文化失调带来的各种社会风险仍然是留守儿童积极发展的重大风险因素，受到社会各方重点关注。现阶段，脱贫地区留守儿童积极发展工作中存在的问题主要表现在：理论构建层面，促进积极发展理论未能与时俱进，缺失针对不同文化背景下个体积极发展理论探讨；实践应用层面，忽视了农村社会转型过程中，一些脱贫地区道德文化失调带来的各种社会风险挑战，社会适应促进的理论研究与实践应用不能有效结合。促进农村留守儿童积极发展关注点需要侧重于以下几个方面：第一，积极构建留守儿童健康发展理论体系与实现机制；第二，从家庭、学校和社区等多个维度优化脱贫地区乡村留守儿童积极发展的外部资源；第三，注重个体心理韧性、意向性自我调节及行为的培养，优化积极发展的个体资源，开发留守儿童自身优势和潜能，减少心理问题和问题行为。更多还原

【Abstract】 The predicament of left-behind children in rural areas, and the social risks caused by the moral and cultural disharmony in poverty-alleviated areas, these are still major risks in the positive development of left-behind children, which have attracted the attention of all parties in society.At present, the problems in the positive development of left-behind children in poverty-alleviated areas are as follows: at the level of theory construction, the current positive development theory has not kept pace with the times and lacks the discussion under the specific different cultural backgrounds; at the level of practical application, in the process of rural social transformation, various social risks and challenges that are brought by the maladjustment of moral culture in some poverty-alleviated areas have been overlooked, and the theoretical research on the promotion of social adaptation cannot be effectively combined with the practical application.To promote the positive development of left-behind children in rural areas, the following aspects should be focused: firstly, actively build the theoretical system and implementation mechanism for the healthy development of left-behind children; secondly, optimize the external resources for the positive development of rural left-behind in poverty-alleviated areas from multiple dimensions such as family, school, and community; thirdly, focus on the cultivation of individual psychological resilience, intentional self-regulation and behavior, optimize individual resources for positive development, develop the advantages and potential of left-behind children, and reduce the psychological problems and problematic behaviors.更多还原