【摘要】 花斑裸鲤(Gymnocypris eckloni)是黄河上游地区重要的土著鱼类，是黄河上游青海段水域生物多样性的重要组成部分，其独特的生态适应性与演化潜力为高海拔水域生物多样性的研究提供了关键模型。梳理了花斑裸鲤的生活习性、繁殖特性、遗传特征以及环境适应机制的研究进展，重点论述了花斑裸鲤的遗传多样性和极端环境下的生态适应性，揭示了其在高原生态系统中的重要地位，最后对其资源养护和人工繁殖现状进行了总结，并对下一步需要开展的重点研究进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gymnocypris eckloni, an ecologically pivotal indigenous fish species in the upper Yellow River, serves as a keystone species in the aquatic biodiversity of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Its unique ecological adaptations and evolutionary resilience make it a critical model for studying high-altitude aquatic biodiversity. This review synthesizes current research on the life history traits, reproductive strategies, genetic architecture, and environmental adaptation mechanisms of G. eckloni, with a focus on its genetic diversity and ecological resilience under extreme environmental conditions. This paper further elucidates its pivotal role in plateau ecosystems and summarizes the current status of resource conservation and artificial breeding efforts, and the key research needs to be carried out in the next step is prospected.更多还原