【摘要】 公共数据的开发开放与流通使用是推动数字经济创新发展的关键因素，也是推进数字中国建设、释放数据要素价值、赋能经济发展的重要战略举措。本文基于地级市政府上线公共数据平台的准自然实验，利用2011-2022年间中国非金融类上市公司样本，采用多时点双重差分模型，实证分析了公共数据开放对企业数字化转型水平的影响及其作用机制。研究发现，公共数据开放显著提升了企业的数字化转型水平，该影响主要通过增强企业降本、营运与融资能力、促进数字技术创新以及改善营商环境的机制实现。异质性分析表明，公共数据开放对国有企业、无政企纽带企业、高科技行业企业及东部地区企业的数字化转型影响更为显著。进一步分析显示，公共数据开放能够显著提升企业数字化转型内容中的技术驱动、组织赋能和环境支撑，增强数字化应用，但对于企业战略管理部署和数字化成果的影响并不显著。本文补充了数据要素开放共享的价值创造的实证证据，对于释放公共数据价值、深化数据生产要素体系建设具有重要启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The development, openness, circulation and use of public data is a key factor in promoting the innovation and development of the digital economy, and it is also an important strategic measure to promote the construction of Digital China, release the value of data elements, and empower economic development. This paper employs a quasi-natural experiment based on the launch of public data platforms by municipal governments, utilizing a sample of non-financial listed companies in China from 2011 to 2022. A multi-time-point difference-in-differences model is applied to empirically analyze the impact of public data openness on the level of corporate digital transformation and its underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that the openness of public data has significantly improved the level of digital transformation of enterprises, and this impact is mainly achieved through the mechanism of enhancing enterprises’ cost reduction, operation and financing capabilities, promoting digital technology innovation, and improving the business environment. The heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of public data openness on the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises, enterprises without government-enterprise ties, enterprises in high-tech industries and enterprises in the eastern region is more significant. Further analysis shows that public data openness can significantly improve the technology-driven, organizational empowerment and environmental support in the digital transformation content of enterprises, and enhance digital applications, but it has no significant impact on the strategic management deployment and digital achievements of enterprises. This paper supplements the empirical evidence of the value creation of open and shared data elements, which has important implications for releasing the value of public data and deepening the construction of data production factor system.更多还原