【摘要】 目的 分析2020年1月至2022年12月每个年度间尿培养的病原菌分布与体外药敏试验变迁，为临床尿路感染患者使用抗菌药物提供依据。方法 回顾性分析河南科技大学第二附属医院3 a间尿培养的细菌分布情况与耐药性变迁分析。结果 3 a共收集1 658株菌株，分离数量前五依次为大肠埃希菌占52.2%,肺炎克雷伯菌占11.5%,屎肠球菌占9.6%,粪肠球菌占7.5%,奇异变形杆菌占3.7%。男性患者尿培养的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对大部分抗菌药物的耐药率高于女性患者(P<0.05),屎肠球菌对高浓度链霉素高浓度庆大霉素和四环素的耐药率高于女性(P<0.05)。结论 导致尿路感染的主要病原菌仍以大肠埃希菌为主，男性患者的耐药率高于女性；临床应根据药敏结果选用抗菌药物，减轻抗菌药物的选择压力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and in vitro drug susceptibility test in urine culture from January 2020 to December 2022, and to provide a basis for the use of antibiotics in clinical urinary tract infections. Methods The bacterial distribution and drug resistance changes in urine cultures over 3 year of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology were analyzed in retrospective analysis. Results A total of 1 658 strains were collected in three years, and the top five were Escherichia coli 52.2%, Klebsiella pneumoniae 11.5%, Enterococcus faecium 9.6%, Enterococcus faecalis 7.5% and Proteus mirabilis 3.7%. Male urine cultures of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed higher resistance rates to the majority of antimicrobial agents than female patients(P<0.05), Enterococcus faecium showed higher resistance to high streptomycin concentrations gentamicin and tetracycline than females(P<0.05). Conclusion The main pathogens leading to urinary tract infection are still mainly Escherichia coli, and the drug resistance rate of male patients is higher than that of women. Clinical antibiotics should be selected according to the results of drug sensitivity to reduce the selection pressure of antibacterial drugs.更多还原