【摘要】 目的 了解河南省免疫规划人员理论知识现状，评估技能竞赛集中培训效果，为免疫规划人才培养提供参考。方法 收集整理2024年河南省预防接种技能竞赛选手的成绩和集中培训成绩，通过方差分析检验不同组别学员成绩有无差异，采用配对t检验分析培训前后成绩是否有效、效应量评估方法评估效果大小。结果 河南省免疫规划人员在预防接种实施、AEFI监测与处置、传染病基础知识、疫苗管理方面的理论知识正确率≥70%，在病原微生物学、免疫学基础、法律法规等方面题型正确率均≤60%。方差分析结果显示，18～<35岁组的理论知识水平（70.57±8.09）高于≥35岁年龄组（65.69±9.07），工作年限0～<10年组（70.28±7.70）高于≥10年组（64.81±10.06），疾病控制组（72.67±7.20）高于预防接种组（65.86±8.83），差异均有统计学意义（F=4.37、4.84、8.00,P<0.05）。集训前后所有队员的理论成绩差异具有统计学意义（t=-2.46,P<0.05）,疾病控制组和预防接种组队员的技能成绩差异均具有统计学意义(t_接种组=-2.80,P<0.05;t_疾控组=-3.69,P<0.05)。效应量计算结果显示，理论培训和技能培训的效果均较显著（理论成绩：Cohen’s d=2.11，技能成绩：预防接种组Cohen’s d=2.68，疾病控制组Cohen’s d=3.58）。结论 河南省免疫规划人员理论知识掌握存在薄弱点，应通过针对性培训进一步完善和提高理论知识水平。河南省在全国预防接种技能竞赛前对参赛选手的集训方法有效，可为免疫规划人才的培养提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the theoretical knowledge status among immunization program personnel in Henan Province,assess the effect of concentrated training on skills competition, and provide reference for talent training of immunization program personnel. Methods The results of the vaccination skills competition contestants in Henan Province and the effects of concentrated training were collected and sorted out. The analysis of variance was used to test whether there were any differences in the scores of the participants among different groups. The paired t-test was used to analyze whether the scores before and after training were effective, and the effect size evaluation method was used to evaluate the effect size. Results Among immunization program personnel in Henan Province, the theoretical knowledge accuracy rates were all ≥70% in the areas such as vaccination implementation, AEFI surveillance and management, basic knowledge of infectious diseases, and vaccine management. The accuracy rates in the areas such as pathogenic microbiology, basic immunology, and laws and regulations were all ≤60%. The analysis of variance results showed that the theoretical knowledge level was higher in the 18-<35-year-old group（70.57±8.09）than that in the ≥35-year-old group（65.69±9.07）, higher in the group having 0-<10 years of work experience（70.28±7.70）than that having more than 10 years of work experience（64.81±10.06）, and higher in the disease control group（72.67±7.20）than that in the vaccination group（65.86±8.83）; the differences were all statistically significant（F=4.37, 4.84, 8.00, respectively;all P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in theoretical scores of all personnel between before and after the training（t=-2.46, P<0.05）. There was also a statistically significant difference in skill scores between the disease control and vaccination groups(t_{vaccination group}=-2.80, P<0.05; t_{disease control group}=-3.69, P<0.05). The results of effect size calculation showed that the effects of both theoretical training and skill training were significant（theoretical score: Cohen’s d=2.11; skill score: Cohen’s d=2.68 for the vaccination group, and Cohen’s d=3.58 for the skill group）. Conclusions The theoretical knowledge of immunization program personnel in Henan Province has weakness, which should be further improved through targeting training. The training method used by Henan Province in preparing for the National Vaccination Skills Competition is effective, which can provide a reference for the training of immunization personnel.更多还原