【摘要】 结核病(tuberculosis, TB)是传染病中单一病原体导致死亡的首要原因，结核潜伏感染(latent tuberculosis infectious,LTBI）是引发疾病的病原来源。目前缺乏有效的诊断工具来区分LTBI和活动性结核病(active tuberculosis, ATB），在应用中作用有限。本综述概述了新的LTBI生物标记物和风险分级技术发现及验证的最新进展，强调了转录组学特征、蛋白质组学和细胞标志物，这些特征在区分LTBI和ATB，在识别具有较高可能发展成活动性结核的个体方面显示出成功的希望。总结了新出现的及时检测平台技术，包括基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的检测和多重侧流装置，这些平台技术可以用于较大规模筛查。将这些生物标记物整合到临床算法和公共卫生规划中，对于有针对性的预防治疗和加快全球结核病消除工作至关重要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tuberculosis(TB) remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, and latent TB infection(LTBI)constitutes the reservoir for disease. Current immunodiagnostic techniques cannot discriminate between active tuberculosis(ATB) and LTBI. Consequently, their utility for predicting progression to ATB is limited. This narrative review outlines recent progresses in the discovery and validation of novel LTBI biomarkers and risk-stratification tools. We highlight transcriptomic signatures, proteomic panels, and cellular markers that have shown promise in distinguish LTBI from ATB and in identifying individuals at highest risk of reactivation. We also sunmmarize emerging point-of-care platforms, including clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-based assays and multiplexed lateral-flow devices, that could enable scalable,low-cost screening. Integrating these biomarkers into clinical algorithms and public-health programs is essential for targeted preventive therapy and for accelerating global TB elimination efforts.更多还原