【摘要】 目的：化疗后骨髓抑制(chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression,CIM)是肿瘤患者化疗过程中常见且严重的不良反应，山奈酚作为升白细胞类中药的重要活性成分，可能在升白细胞过程中发挥作用。本研究旨在探讨山奈酚在改善CIM方面的研究现状及作用机制，为其在CIM防治中的应用提供参考依据。方法：系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、PubMed、Web of Science及Embase数据库中关于山奈酚干预CIM的中英文文献，检索时限为建库至2025年8月8日。由2名研究者独立完成文献筛选，并提取研究设计、干预措施及结局指标等关键信息。结果：共纳入13篇符合要求的文献，包括9篇动物实验研究、1篇随机对照试验、2篇临床观察研究及1篇类实验研究。现有证据表明，山奈酚或含山奈酚的复方制剂可在一定程度上提高外周血白细胞计数，促进骨髓有核细胞增殖。机制研究提示，山奈酚可能通过调节氧化应激水平、增强机体免疫功能及抑制造血细胞凋亡等多靶点协同作用，从而发挥骨髓保护效应。结论：山奈酚在改善CIM方面具有较大的研究潜力和一定的临床应用前景。然而，现有研究证据仍以中药复方及预测性分析为主，针对山奈酚单药的高质量基础研究和大规模临床研究仍相对不足。未来有必要开展设计严谨的系统实证研究，进一步明确其独立疗效和作用机制，以推动其在CIM防治中的规范化转化应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression(CIM) is a common and serious adverse reaction during chemotherapy in patients with malignant tumors. Kaempferol, an important active component of leukocyte-elevating traditional Chinese medicine, may play a role in its improvement. This study aims to explore the research status and mechanisms of kaempferol in improving CIM and to provide reference evidence for its application in the prevention and treatment of CIM.Methods: Chinese and English literature on kaempferol intervention in CIM was systematically searched in CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases from database inception to August 8, 2025. Two researchers independently performed literature screening and extracted key information such as study design, intervention measures, and outcome indicators.Results: A total of 13 eligible studies were included, including 9 animal experimental studies, 1 randomized controlled trial, 2 clinical observational studies, and 1 quasi-experimental study. Existing evidence indicated that kaempferol or compound preparations containing kaempferol increased peripheral blood leukocyte counts to a certain extent and promoted the proliferation of bone marrow nucleated cells. Mechanistic studies suggested that kaempferol exerted bone marrow protective effects through multi-target synergistic actions, including regulation of oxidative stress levels, enhancement of immune function, and inhibition of hematopoietic cell apoptosis.Conclusion: Kaempferol shows considerable research potential and certain clinical application prospects in improving CIM. However, existing evidence is still mainly based on traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations and predictive analyses, and high-quality basic research and large-scale clinical studies focusing on kaempferol monotherapy remain insufficient. In the future, rigorously designed empirical studies are needed to further clarify its independent efficacy and mechanisms of action, so as to promote standardized translational application in the prevention and treatment of CIM.更多还原