【摘要】 插入/缺失（InDel）标记具有遗传稳定性高、分布广、多态性强、通用性强等优点，广泛应用于遗传分析、物种进化研究和基因定位等领域。为挖掘InDel位点和开发分子标记，加快杂交玉米品种鉴定进程，本研究基于12个玉米品种的二代测序结果，分析其单核苷酸多态性（SNP）和InDel，开发InDel分子标记，并用于杭糯玉21杂交玉米品种鉴定。结果表明，在12份玉米样品的共同测序标签上筛选出19 539 984个SNP位点和2 124 876个InDel位点。经过筛选，共得到36个覆盖玉米10条染色体的高质量InDel分子标记，并建立了6个InDel引物的多重组合。上述标记在12份玉米材料中的扩增结果显示，不同标记的主要等位基因频率（MAF）变化范围为0.417～0.875，平均值为0.708；多态性信息含量（PIC）变化范围为0.195～0.583，平均值为0.327。基于二代测序和开发的InDel标记位点的聚类分析可以将杭糯玉21与其他品种分开。本研究将基于二代测序技术开发的InDel标记与多重PCR技术结合并应用到玉米品种鉴定中，不仅提高了玉米品种检测的效率，也为今后杭糯玉21种质资源的合理利用和玉米遗传改良提供了科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insertion/Deletions(InDels) markers have the advantages of high genetic stability, broad genomic distribution, high polymorphism and wide applicability, making them valuable for genetic analysis, evolution studies and gene mapping. To explore InDel loci and develop molecular markers, and facilitate hybrid maize variety identification, single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and InDels were comprehensively analyzed based on next-generation sequencing data from 12 maize varieties, InDel molecular markers were developed and applied to identify the hybrid maize variety Hangnuoyu 21. Results showed that 19 539 984 SNP loci and 2 124 876 InDel loci were screened from the shared sequence tags of the 12 maize samples. A total of 36 highquality InDel molecular markers spanning all 10 maize chromosomes were obtained after screening, and multiple combinations of 6 InDel primer sets were established. The results of amplification with InDel markers in 12 maize varieties showed that the major allele frequency(MAF) ranged from 0. 417 to 0. 875 with a mean value of 0. 708, and the polymorphism information content(PIC) ranged from 0. 195 to 0. 583, with a mean value of 0. 327. Cluster analysis based on next-generation sequencing data and the developed InDel marker loci effectively distinguished Hangnuoyu 21, a waxy maize variety, from other varieties. This study successfully integrates next-generation sequencing-dervied InDel markerswith multiplex PCR technology for maize variety identification, which not only improved the efficiency of variety identification, but also provided useful information for optimize utilization of Hangnuoyu 21 and genetic improvement of maize in the future.更多还原