【摘要】 为全面了解黄河流域棉区国家审定的中熟常规品种连续10年以上综合性状，本研究利用黄河流域棉区中熟常规品种1999—2021年国家区域试验数据，对棉花品种性状特征、遗传变异、变化趋势及性状间的关联性进行分析。结果表明，2002—2023年，黄河流域棉区共有76个中熟常规品种通过国家审定，选育单位以科研院所及高校为主，育种方式以杂交选育为主；审定品种主要来自河北、山东、河南3个植棉大省。外观表现以株型松散、叶片中等大小、铃卵圆型为主，高抗、抗、耐枯萎病品种各占1/3，耐黄萎病品种占86.84%。枯萎病指的遗传变异最大，变异系数为70.50%，黄萎病指次之，其他性状的变异系数均在20%以下。随着年份的增加，育成品种的生育期呈线性缩短趋势，霜前花率、铃重、皮棉产量和断裂比强度呈线性升高趋势，株高呈先升高后缓慢下降的抛物线型变化趋势，单株铃数和马克隆值呈先下降后上升再下降的波浪形趋势，第一果枝节位、枯萎病指和黄萎病指均呈先下降后上升再缓慢下降的趋势。皮棉产量与生育期、第一果枝节位、枯萎病指呈显著负相关，与株高、单株铃数、铃重、衣分、子指、霜前花率、断裂比强度、马克隆值呈极显著正相关，纤维品质之间以及产量和纤维品质之间均不能协同提高。单株铃数、铃重、衣分、霜前花率、子指和生育期可决定产量变异的79.29%，衣分是影响产量最重要的因素，其次是单株铃数。综上，在棉花育种时，应重点利用现有优良品种为优异种质资源，提高衣分、单株铃数和抗病性，降低马克隆值，使产量和品质协同提高。本研究结果为黄河流域的棉花新品种选育提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To systematically understand the comprehensive characteristics of nationally approved mid-mature conventional cotton varieties in the cotton areas of the Yellow River Basin over 10 consecutive years,the characters,genetic variations,change trends,and trait associations were analyzed based on the data of the national regional trials from 1999 to 2021.The results showed that a total of 76 mid-mature conventional cotton varieties were officially released in the Yellow River Basin from 2002 to 2023.The primary breeding entities were scientific research institutes and universities,and the dominant breeding method was hybrid breeding.And the geographical distribution of the approved varieties mainly in Hebei,Shandong,and Henan.The phenotype was mainly characterized by loose plant type,medium-sized leaves,and oval boll.The varieties with high resistance,resistance,and tolerance to Fusarium wilt each accounted for 1/3,and the proportion of varieties tolerant to Verticillium wilt was 86.84%.The Fusarium wilt index had the largest coefficient of variation (70.50%),followed by the Verticillium wilt index,while the coefficients of variation for other traits were all below 20%.With the years increased,the growth period of cultivated varieties showed linear shortening.The percentage of seed-cotton before frost,boll weight,lint yield,and breaking tenacity all presented a linear increasing trend.The plant height exhibited a parabolic trend of first increasing and then slowly decreasing.Number of bolls per plant and micronaire displayed a wavy trend of first decreasing,then increasing,and again decreasing.The first fruiting branches node,the Fusarium wilt index,and the Verticillium wilt index all showed a trend of first decreasing,then increasing,and then slowly decreasing.Lint yield had significant negative correlation with the growth period,the first fruiting branches node,and the Fusarium wilt index,highly significant positive correlation with plant height,number of bolls per plant,boll weight,lint percentage,seed index,percentage of seed-cotton before frost,breaking tenacity,and micronaire.There was no synergistic improvement among three fiber qualities,or between yield and fiber quality.Number of bolls per plant,boll weight,lint percentage,percentage of seed-cotton before frost,seed index,and growth period explained 79.29% of yield variation.Lint percentage was the most important factor affecting yield,followed by number of bolls per plant.In conclusion,excellent varieties should be utilized as excellent germplasm resources in cotton breeding to improve lint percentage,number of bolls per plant and disease resistance,and reduce micronaire,then synergistically improve yield and quality.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of cotton varieties in the Yellow River Basin.更多还原