【摘要】 为提高青花菜分子标记辅助育种水平，本研究基于高通量测序数据开发了70组KASP标记，并采用KASP检测平台对43份青花菜试验材料进行分型，根据分型结果筛选出分型效果好、多态性高的标记，用于指纹图谱构建、遗传关系确定和纯度鉴定。结果表明，70组KASP标记中，未分型成功有3个，未分型材料>5份有13个，多态性差的有6个，分型成功48个（成功率68.6%）。48个标记中，多态性信息含量（PIC）值≥0.30的标记有37个（占比77.08%），其中PIC值为0.37的标记数量最多，为11个，0.38的标记有3个。将48个标记的分型结果转化为二元编码数据，获得了43份青花菜育种材料的SNP-DNA指纹图谱。聚类分析结果发现，Br05与其他材料的遗传关系较远；Br12和Br19、Br33和Br34之间遗传系数均为100,Br14和Br32的遗传系数为99，表明两两间为同一株系的可能性大，这与在田间的表型观察结果基本一致。10组标记对30株Br19的一致性进行鉴定，发现纯度值区间为83.3%～96.7%，说明Br19株系间存在差异；采用10组标记对亲本Br19、Br35和杂交种F1(Br19×Br35)进行基因分型，结果有5个标记（SNP07、SNP09、SNP10、SNP11和SNP19）在三者间的分型结果不同，可用于杂交制种田F1(Br19×Br35)种子纯度鉴定。本研究结果对青花菜种质资源鉴定、分子标记辅助育种与新品种保护具有重要的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To enhance the effectiveness of molecular marker-assisted breeding in broccoli, 70 sets of KASP markers were developed based on high-throughput sequencing data. With the KASP detection platform, a total of 43 broccoli test materials were genotyped. Markers with good genotyping performance and high polymorphism were selected for fingerprint construction, genetic relationship determination, and purity identification. The results showed that out of the 70 sets of KASP markers, 3 were not successfully classified, 13 had more than 5ungenotyped materials, 6 exhibited poor polymorphism, and 48 were successfully classified(68. 6%). The PIC analysis revealed that among the 48 markers, 37(77. 08%) markers had a PIC≥0. 30, among which, markers with a PIC value of 0. 37 was the largest, which was 11, and 3 markers had a PIC value of 0. 38. The SNP-DNA fingerprinting maps for the 43 broccoli samples were generated based on the typing results of 48markers. The clustering analysis results suggested that Br05 has a distant genetic relationship with the others.The genetic coefficients between Br12 and Br19, as well as Br33 and Br34, are 100, while the coefficient between Br14 and Br32 is 99, indicating a high likelihood that these pairs represent the same strain, which is consistent with the phenotypic observations in the field. Ten markers were utilized to genotype 30 samples of Br19, revealing a purity range of 83. 3% to 96. 7%, indicating variability among Br19 strains. Additionally, 10 sets of markers were used for the genotyping of the parent strains Br19, Br35, and the hybrid F1(Br19×Br35).The results demonstrated that the genotyping results of 5 markers(SNP07, SNP09, SNP10, SNP11 and SNP19) differed among the three strains, which can be used for seed purity identification in the hybrid seed production field of F1(Br19×Br35). The findings of this study are of important application value for the identification of broccoli germplasm resources, molecular marker-assisted breeding, and the protection of new varieties.更多还原