【摘要】 全面抗战爆发后，上海的战事起伏和社会动荡造成了严重的难民潮，继之而来的则是庞杂的组织与管理工作。面对空前的挑战，国民政府、社会团体与中国共产党都进行了各自的应对并形成了三种道路：国民政府前期准备不足导致难民救济系统迟迟未能建立起来的困境。社会团体通过“改良”已有框架建立起难民教育体系，系统规划和发展生产教育、文化教育，取得了可喜成绩，但仍有明显限度。而后，为克服自身理论水平和组织能力的不足，社会团体积极寻求与中国共产党的合作。中国共产党不仅创造性地完成了对难民的救济和教育，而且实现了对难民的思想启蒙和政治动员，使之由社会的负担变为能动的革命力量。在此进程中，上海难民工作发生了由“救济”到“启蒙”的转向，其内涵也不断拓展。中国共产党不仅很好地完成了难民工作，而且强有力地推动了上海乃至华东地区抗战事业的开展。更多还原

【Abstract】 After the outbreak of the Total Resistance, the ups and downs of war and social unrest in Shanghai caused a serious wave of refugees, followed by a complex organization and management work. In the face of unprecedented challenges, the Nanjing National Government, social groups and the Communist Party of China carried out their own responses and formed three paths: The lack of preparation of the Nanjing National Government led to the delay in the establishment of the refugee relief system. Social groups established a refugee education system through improving the existing framework, systematically planned and developed production education and cultural education, and achieved gratifying results. However, there are still obvious limits. Thereafter, in order to overcome the shortcomings of their own theoretical level and organizational ability, social groups actively sought cooperation with the Communist Party of China. The Communist Party of China not only creatively completed the relief and education of refugees, but also realized the ideological enlightenment and political mobilization of refugees, transforming them from social burdens to dynamic revolutionary forces. In this process, Shanghai refugee work has undergone a shift from "relief" to "enlightenment", and its connotation has been continuously expanded. The Communist Party of China not only completed the refugee work brilliantly, but also strongly promoted the development of the Total Resistance in Shanghai and even East China.更多还原