【摘要】 为了探究精饲料与玉米秸秆青贮、象草、白刺花的最优组合效应，试验采用单因素试验设计，精饲料和粗饲料比例为30∶70,将玉米秸秆青贮、象草和白刺花以12种比例(60∶10∶0、60∶0∶10、60∶5∶5、50∶15∶5、50∶5∶15、50∶10∶10、40∶20∶10、40∶10∶20、40∶15∶15、30∶20∶20、30∶30∶10、30∶10∶30)进行组合(分别作为A～L组),同时设白刺花、象草、玉米秸秆青贮、精饲料4个单一原料组(即SD、NG、CSS、CT组),每组3个重复，采用体外产气法评价不同组合的产气量、产气参数、体外干物质降解率、粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、pH值、氨态氮、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等指标，计算各组合的单项组合效应指数和多项组合效应指数。结果表明：CT组72 h产气量最高(370.00 mL),CSS组最低(96.33 mL);不同饲料组合中J组(30∶30∶20∶20)的72 h产气量最高(231.40 mL),K组(30∶30∶30∶10)的72 h产气量最低(187.60 mL)。CT组的产气滞后时间最长，滞后现象显著，而SD组产气速率最快。体外干物质降解率与粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),L组(30∶30∶10∶30)体外干物质降解率最高，较最低C组(30∶60∶5∶5)提高10.67%,白刺花比例增加显著提升体外干物质降解率。CT组的pH值最低(6.20),NG组最高(6.71),不同饲料组合中，B组(30∶60∶0∶10)的pH值最低(6.44),G组(30∶40∶20∶10)最高(6.54)。不同饲料组合的氨态氮质量浓度范围为6.61～12.40 mg/L,其中I组(30∶40∶15∶15)的氨态氮质量浓度最高。挥发性脂肪酸中丙酸与丁酸浓度极显著正相关(P<0.01),C组的乙酸和丙酸浓度最高，F组(30∶50∶10∶10)的丁酸浓度最高。不同饲料组合的乙酸/丙酸范围为1.35～3.20,其中H组(30∶40∶10∶20)的乙酸/丙酸最高，B组的乙酸/丙酸最低。A组72 h产气量和体外干物质降解率表现出最大正组合效应，G组pH值表现出最大正组合效应，C组乙酸浓度表现出最大正组合效应，CT组丙酸和丁酸浓度表现出最大正组合效应，K组氨态氮质量浓度表现出最大正组合效应。多项组合效应指数由高到低顺序依次为L组>F组>K组>J组>C组>I组>E组>G组>B组>D组>A组>H组。说明在本试验条件下，精饲料∶玉米秸秆青贮∶象草∶白刺花的最优比例为30∶30∶10∶30,此时体外发酵效果最佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the optimal associative effect of concentrate feed combined with corn straw silage, Pennisetum purpureum, and Sophora davidii, a single-factor experimental design was adopted. The ratio of concentrate to roughage was 30∶70, and corn straw silage, Pennisetum purpureum, and Sophora davidii were combined in 12 proportions(60∶10∶0, 60∶0∶10, 60∶5∶5, 50∶15∶5, 50∶5∶15, 50∶10∶10, 40∶20∶10, 40∶10∶20, 40∶15∶15, 30∶20∶20, 30∶30∶10, 30∶10∶30), designated as groups A to L, respectively. Meanwhile, four single-ingredient groups were set up, including Sophora davidii(SD), Pennisetum purpureum(NG), corn straw silage(CSS), and concentrate feed(CT), with 3 replicates in each group. The in vitro gas production method was used to evaluate indicators such as gas production, gas production parameters, in vitro dry matter degradation rate, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. The single associative effect index and multiple associative effect index of each combination were calculated.The results showed that the 72 h gas production in group CT was the highest(370.00 mL), while that in group CSS was the lowest(96.33 mL). Among the different feed combinations, group J(30∶30∶20∶20) had the highest 72 h gas production(231.40 mL), and group K(30∶30∶30∶10) had the lowest(187.60 mL). Group CT showed the longest gas production lag time with a significant lag phenomenon, while group SD had the fastest gas production rate. The in vitro dry matter degradation rate was extremely significantly positively correlated with crude protein content(P<0.01). Group L(30∶30∶10∶30) had the highest in vitro dry matter degradation rate, which was 10.67% higher than that of group C(30∶60∶5∶5), and an increase in the proportion of Sophora davidii significantly improved the in vitro dry matter degradation rate. The pH value in group CT was the lowest(6.20), and that in group NG was the highest(6.71). Among the feed combinations, group B(30∶60∶0∶10) had the lowest pH value(6.44), and group G(30∶40∶20∶10) had the highest(6.54). The ammonia nitrogen concentration of different feed combinations ranged from 6.61 to 12.40 mg/L, with group I(30∶40∶15∶15) showing the highest concentration. Among volatile fatty acids, the concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid were extremely significantly positively correlated(P<0.01). Group C had the highest concentrations of acetic acid and propionic acid, and group F(30∶50∶10∶10) had the highest concentration of butyric acid. The acetic acid/propionic acid ratio of different feed combinations ranged from 1.35 to 3.20, with group H(30∶40∶10∶20) having the highest ratio and group B having the lowest. Group A showed the maximum positive associative effect in terms of 72 h gas production and in vitro dry matter degradation rate; group G showed the maximum positive associative effect in pH value; group C showed the maximum positive associative effect in acetic acid concentration; group CT showed the maximum positive associative effect in propionic acid and butyric acid concentrations; and group K showed the maximum positive associative effect in ammonia nitrogen concentration. The order of multiple associative effect indexes from high to low was: group L>group F>group K>group J>group C>group I>group E>groupG>group B>group D>group A>group H.These results indicate that under the experimental conditions, the optimal ratio of concentrate feed, corn straw silage, Pennisetum purpureum and Sophora davidii was 30∶30∶10∶30, which achieved the best in vitro fermentation effect.更多还原