【摘要】 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)是污染最普遍的一类真菌毒素，其广泛存在于饲料原料生长、加工和储存等过程中，严重危害动物健康和畜禽生产。从分子机制而言，DON通过特异性结合真核生物核糖体60S亚基的肽基转移酶中心，不可逆抑制蛋白质合成的延伸阶段，并通过激活p38、JNK及ERK等MAPK家族信号通路，诱发细胞氧化应激、炎症反应及凋亡程序，进而对动物消化系统、免疫系统及生殖系统产生多器官毒性效应。在畜禽养殖中，DON能够导致仔猪拒食、肉鸡生长受阻和母牛繁殖力下降，最终引发养殖业规模化经济损失。本文围绕DON分子毒性机制及其对不同畜禽的危害差异及物理、化学、生物等脱毒技术的研究进展进行综述，以期为饲料DON污染防控和畜禽健康养殖提供理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deoxynivalenol(DON) is one of the most widespread fungal toxins, commonly detected in feed ingredients during crop growth, processing, and storage, posing a serious threat to animal health and livestock production. From a molecular mechanism perspective, deoxynivalenol(DON) specifically binds to the peptidyltransferase center of the 60S ribosomal subunit in eukaryotic organisms, thereby irreversibly inhibiting the elongation phase of protein synthesis. Additionally, DON activates the p38, JNK, and ERK signaling pathways within the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) family, triggering cellular oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptotic processes. These actions collectively result in multi-organ toxic effects on the digestive, immune, and reproductive systems of animals. In livestock and poultry farming, DON exposure can lead to feed refusal in piglets, growth retardation in broilers, and a decline in reproductive performance in cows, ultimately causing large-scale economic losses in the breeding industry. This review comprehensively examined the molecular toxicity mechanisms of DON, the varying degrees of harm it posed to different livestock and poultry species, and the advancements in physical, chemical, and biological detoxification technologies, with the aim of providing theoretical references for the prevention and control of DON contamination in feed and the promotion of healthy livestock and poultry farming practices.更多还原