【摘要】 为了解不同生长规格青海三倍体虹鳟形态学特征并分析其内脏指数，试验以3种不同生长规格[小规格（<1 kg）、中规格（1～2 kg）、大规格（>2 kg）]的161尾三倍体虹鳟为研究对象，分别测定各规格试验鱼的体重、内脏重（心脏重、肝脏重、肾脏重和内脏总重）、全长、体长、体高、头长、吻长、眼后头长、眼径、眼间距、尾长、尾鳍长、尾柄长、尾柄高、躯干长，计算肥满度、体长/体高、体长/头长、体长/尾柄长、体长/眼径、头长/眼径、头长/眼间距、头长/尾柄长、头长/尾柄高、尾柄长/尾柄高及内脏指数（心脏指数、肝脏指数、肾脏指数和内脏总指数）,采用皮尔逊相关分析法对8个可量性状指标（体重、全长、体高、头长、尾长、尾鳍长、尾柄长、尾柄高、躯干长）进行相关性分析，并采用幂函数对试验鱼体重与全长进行回归分析，判断三倍体虹鳟是否为匀速生长。结果表明：小、中、大规格三倍体虹鳟体重分别为0.61,1.39,2.58 kg,全长分别为36.57,46.73,55.18 cm,体长分别为32.88,41.66,49.77 cm,肥满度分别为1.65,1.92,2.10。随着生长规格的增大，三倍体虹鳟体重、全长、体长和肥满度均逐渐提高，其中体重、全长和体长在3种规格间均差异显著（P<0.05）;体重、全长和体长的变异系数逐渐变小，而肥满度呈现先增大后减小的趋势。体重的变异系数较大，在0.15～0.31之间；全长和体长的变异系数较小，分别在0.05～0.10和0.06～0.09之间。三倍体虹鳟体高、头长、吻长、眼后头长、眼径、眼间距、尾长、尾鳍长、尾柄长、尾柄高、躯干长均随着生长规格增大逐渐升高且在3种规格间均差异显著（P<0.05）,变异系数在0.06～0.16之间。小、中、大规格三倍体虹鳟体长/体高分别为3.88,3.81,3.45,体长/头长分别为4.75,4.61,4.68,体长/尾柄长分别为5.02,5.12,5.26,体长/眼径分别为26.97,31.48,34.63,头长/眼径分别为5.68,6.84,7.19,头长/眼间距分别为2.38,2.53,2.43,头长/尾柄长分别为1.06,1.12,1.15,头长/尾柄高分别为2.04,2.11,1.95,尾柄长/尾柄高分别为1.94,1.91,1.80。随着生长规格的增大，三倍体虹鳟心脏重、肝脏重、肾脏重和内脏总重均逐渐提高且在3种规格间均差异显著（P<0.05）;3种规格三倍体虹鳟心脏指数、肝脏指数、肾脏指数和内脏总指数均差异不显著（P>0.05）;除肝脏重变异系数外，其他内脏指标变异系数均随着生长规格增大逐渐变小。8个可量性状指标之间均呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。三倍体虹鳟体重（W）与全长（L）的曲线回归方程为W=0.002 2 L^3.476,R²=0.927 0,b>3,为正异速生长。说明三倍体虹鳟体型侧扁，头和眼相对较小，整体与器官的发育同步；但在生长过程中，体重的增长速度大于全长的增长速度。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to understand the morphological characteristics of triploid rainbow trout of different growth sizes and to analyze their visceral indexes, in the experiment, triploid rainbow trout of three different growth sizes [small-size（<1 kg）, medium-size（1-2 kg）, and large-size（>2 kg）] were used as research subjects. Body weight, visceral weight（heart weight, liver weight, kidney weight and total visceral weight）, total length, body length, body height, head length, muzzle length, head length behind the eyes, eye diameter, eye spacing, tail length, caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, and carapace length were determined for each size of the test fish. Plumpness, body length/body height, body length/head length, body length/caudal shank length, body length/eye diameter, head length/eye diameter, head length/eye spacing, head length/caudal shank length, head length/caudal shank height, caudal shank length/caudal shank height, and visceral indexes（cardiac index, hepatic index, renal index, and total visceral index） were calculated. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between eight measurable trait indexes（body weight, total length, body height, head length, tail length, caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, and carapace length）, and regression analysis of body weight and total length of the experimental fish was conducted by using a power function to determine whether triploid rainbow trout were growing at a uniform rate. The results showed that the weights of triploid rainbow trout were 0.61, 1.39, and 2.58 kg for small, medium, and large sizes, respectively; the total lengths were 36.57, 46.73, and 55.18 cm, respectively; the body lengths were 32.88, 41.66, and 49.77 cm, respectively; and the plumpnesses were 1.65, 1.92, and 2.10, respectively. Body weight, total length and body length and plumpness of triploid rainbow trout gradually increased with the increase of growth size, and the differences of body weight, total length and body length among the three specifications were significant（P<0.05）; the coefficients of variation of body weight, total length and body length became smaller, while plumpness showed a tendency to increase firstly and then decrease. The coefficients of variation for body weight were large, ranging from 0.15 to 0.31, and those for total length and body length were small, ranging from 0.05 to 0.10 and 0.06 to 0.09, respectively. Body height, head length, snout length, post-ocular head length, eye diameter, eye spacing, tail length, caudal fin length, caudal peduncle length, caudal peduncle height, and trunk length of triploid rainbow trout were all increased gradually and the differences among the three specifications were significantly different with the increase of growth size（P<0.05）, and the coefficients of variation were between 0.06 and 0.16. Triploid rainbow trout of small, medium, large sizes were 3.88, 3.81, and 3.45 in length/height, 4.75, 4.61, and 4.68 in length/head; 5.02, 5.12, and 5.26 in length/caudal peduncle; 26.97, 31.48, and 34.63 in length/eye diameter; 5.68, 6.84, and 7.19 in length/eye diameter; 2.38, 2.53 and 2.43 in head length/eye spacing; 1.06, 1.12 and 1.15 in head length/caudal shank length; 2.04, 2.11 and 1.95 in head length/caudal shank height; 1.94, 1.91 and 1.80 in caudal shank length/caudal shank height, respectively. With the increase of growth size, heart weight, liver weight, kidney weight and total visceral weight of triploid rainbow trout increased gradually and the differences among the three specifications were significantly different（P<0.05）; cardiac index, liver index, kidney index and total visceral index of triploid rainbow trout of all three sizes were not significantly different（P>0.05）; except for the coefficient of variation of liver weight, the coefficients of variation of all visceral indexes became gradually smaller with increasing growth size. All eight quantifiable traits showed highly significant positive correlations（P<0.01）. The curve regression equation of triploid rainbow trout whole body weight（W） vs length（L） was W=0.002 2 L^3.476,R²=0.927 0,b>3,which was positive allometry. The results indicated that triploid rainbow trout had a laterally flattened body, relatively small head and eyes, and synchronized the development of the whole with that of the organs; however, the growth rate of body weight was greater than that of the whole length during the growth process.更多还原