【摘要】 为构建高精度的基因组-表型预测模型，有效突破传统育种周期长、效率低等瓶颈，显著提升玉米育种的精准度与效率。黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所选取486个自交系作为基础母本群体，选取20个自交系作为父本测验种，构建完整的亲本训练群体，应用全基因组选择技术筛选优良玉米组合，以自交系LX569为母本、以自交系LX502为父本，经多年多点试验验证选育出玉米新品种龙单242。在2020-2021年参加龙科联合体区域试验，平均产量11 027.9kg·hm^-2，比对照品种德美亚3号增产5.7%。2022年参加龙科联合体生产试验，平均产量11 337.3kg·hm^-2，比对照品种德美亚3号增产7.0%。龙单242在品质、抗性和产量等方面均表现突出，并于2023年通过审定，审定编号为黑审玉2023L0035。该品种的成功选育，充分验证了GS技术与传统育种方法有效结合的优势，通过对杂交种基因组层面的预测与田间表型鉴定的有机结合，为我国玉米育种向高效化和精准化方向发展提供了可借鉴的技术路径和实践范例。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to construct a high-precision genome-phenotype prediction model,effectively overcome the bottlenecks of traditional breeding such as long cycles and low efficiency,and significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of maize breeding. The Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences selected 486 inbred lines as the basic female parent population and 20 inbred lines as male testers to establish a complete parental training population.By applying genomic selection technology to screen excellent maize combinations,the new maize variety Longdan 242 was bred,with inbred line LX569 as the female parent and inbred line LX502 as the male parent,verified through multi-year and multi-location trials.It participated in the regional trials of the Longke Consortium in 2020-2021,with an average yield of 11 027.9kg·ha^-1,which was 5.7% higher than that of the control variety Demeiya 3.In 2022,it was involved in the production trials of the Longke Consortium,achieving an average yield of 11 337.3kg·ha^-1,showing a 7.0% yield increase compared with the control variety Demeiya 3.Longdan 242 exhibits outstanding performance in quality,resistance,and yield.It was certified in 2023 with the certification number Heishenyu 2023L0035.The successful breeding of this variety fully demonstrates the advantages of the effective integration of GS technology and traditional breeding methods.Through the organic combination of genome-level prediction of hybrids and field phenotypic identification,it provides a referable technical path and practical example for the development of maize breeding in China towards higher efficiency and precision.更多还原