【摘要】 超声速流动在激光辅助冷凝抑制的同位素分离(SILARC)过程中起重要作用。将氩气在锥形喷管中的超声速流动简化为理想气体的一维等熵稳定流动，理论分析了喷管内速度、比容、压力和温度随着流道截面积的变化，并给出喷管出口参数和临界参数。重点研究了喷管张角对氩气超声速流动参数的影响。分析结果表明，随着流动的进行和流通面积的增大，速度迅速增大但逐渐趋于一个定值；温度、压力、比容则不断降低，这三个参数同样存在一个极限值。锥形喷管的张角对流动参数有一定的影响，随着角度的增大，速度和马赫数不断增大，但增幅却越来越小，且速度的增长幅度远不如马赫数的增长。背压对喷管出口流量和流动参数的影响显著，当背压不超过临界压力时，出口流量始终等于临界流量，背压降低则出口速度不断升高而出口温度却持续降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The supersonic nozzle plays a decisive role in the separation of isotopes by the laser assisted retarded condensation(SILARC), and the study of the supersonic gas flow is significant. The supersonic flow of argon in a conical nozzle was theoretically studied. To simplify the physical problem, the flow in the nozzles is regarded as the stable flow of an ideal gas in a one-dimensional and variable cross-section channel. Then, the changes in velocity, specific volume, pressure, and temperature in the nozzle along with the cross-sectional area were analyzed theoretically, and the outlet parameters and critical parameters of the nozzle were given. Especially, the influence of nozzle angle on argon supersonic flow parameters was studied. The results show that the velocity increases rapidly but tends to a constant value with the increase of cross-section area. Temperature, pressure, and specific volume decrease continuously, and there is also a limit value for these three parameters. The angle of the conical nozzle has a certain influence on the flow parameters. With the increase of the angle, the velocity and Mach number increase continuously, but the growth becomes slower and slower. The growth of the velocity is far less than that of the Mach number. The back pressure has a significant influence on the nozzle outlet flow and flow parameters. When the back pressure is less than the critical pressure, the outlet flow is always equal to the critical flow. When the back pressure decreases, the outlet velocity keeps increasing while the outlet temperature keeps decreasing.更多还原