【摘要】 高价值轨道运行的未知非合作航天器对空间安全构成了严重威胁，地基导航与定轨系统无法有效获取目标的载荷与姿态等关键信息，亟需天基观测手段对目标航天器的功能及威胁程度进行精确评估。针对传统被动伴飞观测存在的安全性不足与观测周期长的局限性问题，提出了一种结合状态增益可达集理论的安全避碰策略与快速模型预测控制（FMPC）的主动观测轨迹规划方法。为解决传统导航误差椭球安全性随时间快速下降问题，通过解析近似状态增益可达集拓展航天器尺寸后的几何体，构建了一种兼具高计算实时性与安全性的安全避碰策略。同时，针对自由伴飞观测周期过长及任务隐蔽性不足的缺陷，通过设计观测轨迹确保传感器视场全程覆盖目标本体及其关键载荷，并结合FMPC实时解算出满足任务周期约束的轨迹与控制，形成了一种兼具短任务周期与信息完备性的观测轨迹规划方法。与传统方法相比，在安全性、隐蔽性及观测效率上均有显著提升，为非合作目标在轨识别提供了一种高效、可靠的解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Non-cooperative spacecraft operating in high-value orbits pose significant threats to space security, as ground-based navigation and orbit determination systems cannot effectively acquire key information such as payloads and attitudes, making it difficult to assess their functionality and threat level. Traditional passive observation methods suffer from security concerns and long observation cycles. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an active observation trajectory planning method that integrates a state-gain reachable set-based collision avoidance strategy with Fast Model Predictive Control(FMPC). To tackle the issue of rapidly declining safety in traditional navigation error ellipsoids over time, the proposed method utilizes an analytical approximation of the geometric bounds of the spacecraft’s size-expanded state-gain reachable. This enables the development of a collision avoidance strategy that balances high computational efficiency with enhanced safety. Additionally, to overcome the challenges of prolonged observation cycles and insufficient mission concealment in traditional free-flight approaches, a reference trajectory is designed to ensure the sensor’s field of view fully covers the target body and its critical payload. FMPC is then employed to calculate trajectory tracking control laws in real time, satisfying the constraints of mission cycles and forming a trajectory planning strategy that combines short cycles with comprehensive information acquisition. Compared to traditional methods, this approach achieves significant improvements in safety, concealment, and observation efficiency, providing an effective solution for the identification of non-cooperative on-orbit targets.更多还原