【摘要】 装配精度对精密机械的工作性能至关重要，而装配精度同时受到零件制造过程中的形貌误差及装配力作用下的变形影响。为此，本文提出一种融合零件形貌误差与受力变形的装配精度分析方法。首先，采用小位移旋量模型对位姿误差进行建模，并结合基函数叠加法构建形状误差模型，通过引入高斯函数生成随机噪声，进而建立了全面的表面误差模型。随后，利用有限元方法分析零件在受力条件下的变形及对装配位姿的影响，并采用非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）对表面形貌和零件变形进行融合与重构，生成了一个同时考虑形貌误差与受力变形的零件表面模型。最后，基于该模型，结合最近投影点法评估表面间的配合状态，并通过优化算法计算装配精度。对平面螺栓连接和柱面过盈配合进行1000次模拟试验，结果表明，不同的装配力或过盈量会影响最终的装配精度，所提出的方法能够进行装配精度的有效评估，为实际装配提供指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 Assembly accuracy is crucial to the working performance of precision machinery, which is affected by the surface profile errors of parts in the manufacturing process and deformation under the action of assembly force. Hence, this study proposes an assembly accuracy analysis method that integrates the surface profile error of parts and deformation under force. Firstly, a small-displacement torsor model is used to model the pose error and a shape error model is constructed by combining the basis function superposition method, and a comprehensive surface error model is established by introducing a Gaussian function to generate random noise. Subsequently, a finite element method is used to analyze deformation of parts under force conditions and its influence on assembly pose, and non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) are used to fuse and reconstruct the surface shape and part deformation, generating a surface model of the part that simultaneously considers the surface profile error and force deformation. Finally, based on this model, the fit state between surfaces is evaluated by combining the nearest projected point method, and the assembly accuracy is then calculated by an optimization algorithm. The results of 1000 simulation experiments on planar bolted joints and interference fits of column surface show that different assembly forces or overloads affect the final assembly accuracy; the proposed method is able to carry out effective evaluation and provide guidance for actual assembly.更多还原