【摘要】 随着固体火箭发动机的服役期满，其作战可靠性和性能稳定性逐渐下降，如何有效处置大量退役固体火箭发动机，成为亟待解决的关键问题。本文围绕六种具有工程化应用前景的固体火箭发动机倒空技术(液氮切割、低温循环、机械切割、点火试验、高压射流、水力空化)进行系统分析。首先，梳理了各倒空技术的原理及其在退役发动机处理中的应用现状，特别是在推进剂倒空和回收效率提升方面的优势。通过对比分析发现，高压射流和水力空化技术在推进剂残余清除方面表现出显著的优势，且安全性较高。此外，回收后的发动机壳体和复合推进剂材料具有较大的再利用潜力，壳体可用于新型火箭组件及推进系统的制造，推进剂则可开发为其他药剂或用于余热回收。本文提出了中大口径固体火箭发动机资源化利用的技术发展建议，强调了综合运用多种倒空技术的可行性，为武器装备资源回收再利用提供了新的思路和技术路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the service life of solid rocket engines comes to an end, their operational reliability and performance stability gradually decline. Effectively disposing of large numbers of retired solid rocket engines has become a critical issue. This paper systematically analyzes six promising deactivation technologies for solid rocket engines with engineering application potential: liquid nitrogen cutting, cryogenic cycling, mechanical cutting, ignition testing, high-pressure jetting, and hydrodynamic cavitation. Firstly, the principles of these technologies and their application status in the disposal of retired engines are reviewed, with particular emphasis on their advantages in propellant removal and improving recovery efficiency. Comparative analysis reveals that high-pressure jetting and hydrodynamic cavitation technologies significantly outperform others in removing residual propellants, while also demonstrating higher safety levels. Furthermore, the recovered engine casings and composite propellants exhibit considerable potential for reuse. Engine casings can be repurposed for the manufacturing of new rocket components and propulsion systems, while propellants can be further developed for other chemical applications or waste heat recovery. Based on these findings, this paper proposes technical development suggestions for the resource utilization of large-caliber solid rocket engines, emphasizing the feasibility of integrating multiple deactivation technologies. This offers new insights and technical pathways for the resource recovery and reuse of military equipment.更多还原