【摘要】 目的 了解龙岩市生活饮用水中金属元素的浓度特征，并评估其健康风险。方法 收集整理2020—2024年龙岩市城乡饮用水水质监测数据，依据GB 5749—2022《生活饮用水卫生标准》对砷、镉、铬（六价）、铅、汞、铝、铁、锰、铜、锌等金属元素进行评价，采用Mann-Whiteny U检验比较层间的总体分布，并参考WS/T777—2021《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》分析饮水中10种金属元素对人群经口摄入的健康风险。结果 共监测7 646份水样，铝、铁、锌检出率最高，分别为53.10%、39.92%、30.83%。砷、铝、铁、锰、锌等5种金属元素存在不达标情况，铁元素达标率最低，为98.00%。与丰水期比较，枯水期锰、锌的浓度较高，而铝的浓度较低；与城市比较，农村铝、铁的浓度较高，而锰、锌的浓度较低；与出厂水比较，末梢水锌的浓度较高，而铁的浓度较低；与地下水比较，地表水铝、铁、锰的浓度较高，而锌的浓度较低，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。10种金属元素的非致癌风险（HQ）值均小于1；砷、铬（六价）、铅的致癌风险（CR）值均在低风险1×10^-6水平之下，镉的CR值介于1×10^-6～1×10^-4可接受水平之间。结论 龙岩市生活饮用水中存在部分金属元素超标的情况，但10种金属元素的健康风险均处于可接受范围内，应重点关注以地表水为水源的农村地区水质状况。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To understand the levels and the health risks of metal elements in drinking water in Longyan City. Methods The water quality monitoring data of urban and rural areas drinking water in Longyan City from2020 to 2024 were collected. According to Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB 5749-2022）,the metal elements such as As,Cd,Cr⁶⁺,Pb,Hg,Al,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn were evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the overall distribution between layers,and the Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure（WS/T777-2021） was referenced to analyze the health risks of oral intake of 10metal elements in drinking water. Results A total of 7 646 water samples were collected,and the detection rates of Al,Fe and Zn were the highest,53.10%,39.92% and 30.83% respectively. There were non-compliance cases for As,Al,Fe,Mn and Zn,with the lowest compliance rate for Fe at 98.00%. Compared with the wet season,the concentrations of Mn and Zn were higher during the dry season,while the concentration of Al was lower. Compared with urban areas,the concentrations of Al and Fe were higher in rural areas,while the concentrations of Mn and Zn were lower. Compared with finished water,the concentration of Zn was higher in terminal water,while the concentration of Fe was lower. Compared with groundwater,the concentrations of Al,Fe,and Mn were higher in surface water,while the concentration of Zn was lower. The HQ values of the 10 metal elements was less than 1.The CR values of As,Cr⁶⁺ and Pb were all below the low risk level of 1×10^-6,and the CR values of Cd was between the acceptable levels of 1 ×10^-6 to 1 ×10^-4. Conclusion There are some metal elements in the drinking water of Longyan city exceeding the standard,but the health risks of the 10 metal elements are within acceptable ranges.Special attention should be paid to the water quality in rural areas that use surface water as the water source.更多还原