【摘要】 氦氙冷却反应堆以氦氙混合气体作为布雷顿循环运行工质，具有循环效率高、功率质量比高和运行可靠等特点，在深空大功率核反应堆电源和无人潜航器核动力等领域具有广阔的应用前景。针对氦氙布雷顿循环系统运行特性，建立了涡轮机、压缩机、紧凑型换热器等氦氙布雷顿循环热力设备仿真模型，开发了氦氙冷却反应堆布雷顿循环运行性能分析仿真工具。以“普罗米修斯”氦氙冷却反应堆布雷顿循环系统为研究对象，分析循环各点参数与各部件性能对系统效率和系统比功的影响。结果表明：系统效率与系统比功均存在最佳压比，循环最高温度越高、最低温度则越低，系统效率与系统比功越大；压力对循环的影响不明显，压力越大，系统效率与系统比功略微减小；回热器总热导率越大，系统效率越大，系统比功不变。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] The He-Xe Brayton cycle system, which adopts a helium-xenon mixture as the working fluid, has significant advantages of high cycle efficiency, high specific power, and great operation reliability, which has promising application prospects in the field of special nuclear power. The megawatt level special nuclear power that combined with helium-xenon Brayton cycle system and nuclear reactor, can effectively meet the needs of highpower energy supply, including deep space exploration, planet-base power supplement, and unmanned underwater vehicles. Presently, the research on the operation characteristics of the helium-xenon Brayton cycle system is insufficient and the systemically simulation models need to be developed urgently. [Purpose] This study aims to develop a steady-state simulation tool for helium-xenon closed Brayton cycles, enabling characterization of system components and overall configurations prior to actual engineering design and operation, thereby reducing research costs. [Methods] A simulation tool for steady-state analysis of the helium-xenon closed Brayton cycle was developed by establishing component models of key equipment in the thermodynamic system, including the heater, regenerator, cooler, turbine, and compressor. The accuracy of the simulation software was verified through comparison between design values from the U.S. "Prometheus" project and computational values obtained under identical conditions. With the output power fixed at 200 kW, the influences of critical parameters, i. e., cycle maximum temperature, cycle minimum temperature, cycle maximum pressure, and total thermal conductivity of the regenerator, on the system efficiency and specific power were comprehensively analyzed. Finally, the accuracy and capability of the heliumxenon closed Brayton cycle model were comparatively verified. [Results] The calculation results of the heliumxenon thermodynamic cycle model developed in this work are in good agreement with the Prometheus’ s design values, with the maximum node parameter error being 0.212% and the maximum system parameter error being 3.419%. The errors are within the acceptable error range. Verification results indicate that there is an optimal pressure ratio for both system efficiency and system specific power, but the optimal pressure ratios are not equal. In engineering design, the pressure ratio at the maximum system efficiency shall be adopted. A higher the maximum temperature and a lower the minimum temperature of the cycle will result in a higher system efficiency and specific power. The minimum temperature of the cycle has a more significant impact on the cycle efficiency than the maximum temperature. As the pressure ratio increases, the total thermal conductivity of the recuperator has a smaller impact on the cycle efficiency. [Conclusions] This study provides reference and basis for the design and optimization of helium-xenon closed Brayton cycle.更多还原