【摘要】 为提升辐射伏特电池（简称辐伏电池）的总转换效率和输出功率，综合考虑耗尽区宽度、扩散长度及电极结构等因素对电荷收集效率、总转换效率及输出功率的影响，通过优化换能器件及电极结构，成功制备出总转换效率及输出功率较高的⁶³Ni-SiC基PIN结换能器件。所制备的辐伏电池的短路电流、开路电压、输出功率及总转换效率分别达到了10.29～13.43 nA·cm^-2、1.32～1.44 V、11.66～14.69 nW·cm^-2及2.24%～2.82%。与团队之前的工作相比，开路电压、FF因子及总转换效率分别平均提高了127.50%、114.47%及512.10%，且总转换效率高于文献报道的结果（0.5%～1.99%）。结果表明：通过采用具有“浓度梯度层Ⅰ层”的PIN结构、优化结区宽度和掺杂浓度，以及优化电极材料和结构，可显著提升辐伏电池的总转换效率和输出功率，为辐伏电池的设计与制备提供了重要的理论参考和实验依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Background] Betavoltaic nuclear batteries, leveraging beta-emitting radioisotopes, offer inherent advantages such as long-term reliability, high energy density, compact form factors, and robust resistance to interference, positioning them as promising power sources for self-powered portable or embedded microdevices.[Purpose] This study aims to enhance the conversion efficiency and output power of betavoltaic batteries with comprehensive consideration of the effects of backscattering, depletion region width, diffusion length, and electrode structure on charge collection efficiency, conversion efficiency, and output power. [Methods] By optimizing the device and electrode structure, i.e., introducing a PIN structure with "concentration gradient I-layer", optimizing the depletion region width, doping concentration and electrode materials, and increasing the spacing between electrode grid lines, ⁶³Ni-SiC-based PIN junction betavoltaic batteries were successfully fabricated with higher overall conversion efficiency and output power. Both the Monte Carlo simulations and numerical computations were employed to obtain characteristic parameters of these developed batteries, and their performances were measured by experiments. [Results] The fabricated batteries exhibit short-circuit currents, open-circuit voltages, output powers,and total conversion efficiencies ranging from 10.29 nA·cm^-2 to 13.43 nA·cm^-2, 1.32 V to 1.44 V, 11.66 nW·cm^-2 to 14.69 nW·cm^-2, and 2.24% to 2.82%, respectively. Compared with previous reported work, the open-circuit voltage,fill factor, and overall conversion efficiency increase by an average of 127.50%, 114.47%, and 512.10%, respectively.Moreover, the overall conversion efficiency is higher than those reported in the literature（0.5% to 1.99%）.[Conclusions] These results indicate that the conversion efficiency and output power of betavoltaic batteries can be significantly improved by taking above-mentioned optimization measures, providing important theoretical guidance and experimental evidence for the design and fabrication of betavoltaic batteries.更多还原